低速叶型气动反问题设计方法

 低马赫数不可压流动中声速与流速大小差别巨大,采用基于可压缩流动控制方程的计算格式求解流场时,由于数值黏性的污染,解的精度低且收敛性差,通常可使用时间预处理技术来解决这一问题。在基于控制理论的优化方法中,共轭方程的Jacobian矩阵和流动方程的系数矩阵相似,因而在低流动马赫数下,求解共轭方程存在着与求解流动方程相同的数值污染和数值刚性问题。首先推导了带有预处理的Roe格式,然后发展了适合全速度流动的共轭方程求解方法,最后选取翼型和叶栅两个典型算例进行了验证。计算结果表明所发展的方法可很好地用于低马赫数时的气动反问题设计。     

Effect of Stagnation Temperature on the Supersonic Two Dimensional Plug Nozzle Conception. Application for Air

When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heats and their ratio do not remain constant any more and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect, its state equation remains always valid, except it will name in more calori-cally imperfect gas or gas at High Temperature. The goal of this research is to trace the profiles of the supersonic plug nozzle when this stagnation temperature is taken into account, lower than the threshold of dissociation of the molecules, by using the new formula of the Prandtl Meyer function, and to have for each exit Mach number, several nozzles shapes by changing the value of this temperature. A study on the error given by the PG (perfect gas) model compared to our model at high temperature is presented. The comparison is made with the case of a calorically perfect gas aiming to give a limit of application of this model. The application is for the air.     

分辨率优于0.1arcsec的二维微小角度传感器的系统设计

设计一种新型二维微小角度传感器,可实现实时二维角度的测量。并采用基于DSP的检测电路进行高速数据采集处理,使系统的测量精度和响应速度满足了当前在线检测的需求,角度测量>±600arcsec,测量分辨率优于0.1arcsec。     

高超声速轴对称流道冷流特征及气动力特性研究

对一种轴对称形式的高超声速飞行器全流道开展了风洞实验和数值模拟研究, 分析了不同来流总压、飞行攻角全流道的流场结构和气动力特性.研究结果表明:(1)一定范围内雷诺数的变化对全流道的流动结构和模型的气动力特性无显著影响, 因此所获得的风洞实验结果有望通过某种形式推广到飞行状态下使用;(2)飞行攻角对全流道的流动结构和升力系数有着显著影响, 但阻力系数的影响并不明显;(3)研究范围内来流马赫数的变化对全流道的流动结构有着一定影响, 但研究范围内, 阻力系数随马赫数的变化幅度较小;(4)由于轴对称流道的浸润面积较大, 研究范围内该类飞行器的摩擦阻力在全机阻力中占据了较大的比重, 设计状态下达全机气动力的62%;(5)与实验结果的对照表明, 所采用的数值模拟方法具有较高的精度.      

Blockage effect on the flow around a cylinder probe in calibration

Flow around a 2-D cylinder pressure probe placed in uniform flow,free jet flow,and wind tunnel flow was analyzed with potential flow theory and simulated with numerical method.Blockage effect was investigated under several typical flow Mach numbers.The result from numerical simulation shows a similar trend to the one from potential flow method while varies in quantity.Wind tunnel walls accelerate the flow near the probe and thus produce a blockage effect;Boundary of free jet flow,however,decelerates the flow and thus produces a "negative" blockage effect.A maximum incoming Mach number exists when the probe is calibrated in wind tunnel in high subsonic condition due to choking caused by shocks and shock induced separation.The critical Mach number varies with blockage ratio,which makes high Mach number impossible to achieve in large blockage ratio condition.The blockage effect itself is unavoidable for calibration or measurement although a sufficiently small blockage ratio brings minor effect.Correction can be implemented based on the numerical simulation result presented in this paper and further works.      

A methodology for simulating 2D shock-induced dynamic stall at flight test-based fluctuating freestream

A comprehensive methodology for simulating 2 D dynamic stall at fluctuating freestream is proposed in this paper.2 D CFD simulation of a SC1095 airfoil exposed to a fluctuating freestream of Mach number 0.537 ± 0.205 and Reynolds number 6.1 × 10~6(based on the mean Mach number) and undergoing a 10° ± 10° pitch oscillation with a frequency of 4.25 Hz was conducted.These conditions were selected to be representative of the flow experienced by a helicopter rotor airfoil section in a real-life fast forward flight.Both constant freestream dynamic stall as well as fluctuating freestream dynamic stall simulations were conducted and compared.The methodology was carefully validated with experimental data for both transonic flow and dynamic stall under fluctuating freestream.Overall, the results suggest that the fluctuating freestream alters the dynamic stall mechanism documented for constant freestream in a major way, emphasizing that inclusion of this effect in the prediction of dynamic stall related rotor loads is imperative for rotor performance analysis and blades design.     

2.4m跨声速风洞流场预测自抗扰控制

针对2.4 m跨声速风洞总压和马赫数控制具有强耦合、时滞、系统参数摄动和外界干扰不确定性等特点，设计了预测自抗扰控制。采用自抗扰控制（ADRC），将总压和马赫数两个通道之间的耦合、流场建模误差、系统的参数摄动和外界干扰等视为总干扰，通过扩张状态观测器（ESO）将总干扰估算出来并进行前馈补偿，一方面可以实现总压和马赫数的解耦控制，另一方面提高了流场的抗干扰能力。同时使用Smith预估器得到系统无时延输出并将其反馈至扩张状态观测器，加快其收敛速度，从而提高控制系统的性能。仿真结果表明，该控制器能够很好地实现总压和马赫数的解耦，并且具有良好的动态特性、抗干扰能力和鲁棒性。     

骊山坑儒谷与秦文化反思

围绕秦始皇"坑儒"问题,集中对骊山坑儒谷的相关史实进行梳理。有别于过去学界多从政治方面对"坑儒"问题进行反思,主要从文化方面追根溯源,挖掘这一残暴行为背后的文化原因,发现坑儒与秦的文化传统有密切的关系。"坑儒"不仅对中国古代文化造成极大的破坏,也为后世帝王统驭国家开了恶例。     

Forest parameter estimation by means of Monte-Carlo simulations with experimental considerations – Estimation of multiple reflections among trees depending on forest parameters

A method for estimation of forest multiple light reflections depending on forest parameters is introduced, based on Monte-Carlo simulations of photon transport with experimental considerations. The model is verified through experiments with two miniature forests, in which two types of small-sized trees with ellipsoid- and cone-shaped crowns are arranged in a grid array. The introduced method was confronted with experimental measurements and showed small deviations from the measured values. It was found that the simulation of three-dimensional photon trajectories allowed a reliable evaluation of multiple light reflections among trees. In addition, the multiple reflections among trees due to the changes of tree inter-distance, crown type and crown shape were clarified with the proposed method.     

高效弯掠对转桨扇流动特点与桨距调节规律

采用数值计算的方法分析了高亚声速来流条件下弯掠对转桨扇的流动特点,开展了不同自由来流马赫数下的高效对转桨扇桨距调节规律的研究。研究表明：在弯掠桨扇的内部流场,从约30%相对叶高位置处开始形成明显激波结构,但当弯掠桨扇通道内峰值马赫数在1.2及以下时激波强度相对较弱,流动损失在可接受范围。由于桨距角对桨扇的推进效率影响显著,研究提出了可行有效的对转桨扇桨距调节方法,数值计算表明桨扇的推进效率均在75%以上。数值仿真预测的各马赫数下桨扇的推力值表明前叶推力对马赫数的变化更加敏感。