纳米薄膜脉冲激光沉积技术

简要介绍了脉丫激光薄膜沉积（PLD）技术的物理原理、独具的特点，介绍了在PLD基础上结合分子束外延（MBE）特点发展起来的激光分子束外延（L－MBE），以及采用L－MBE技术制备硅基纳米PtSi薄膜的结果。     

基于MSG-3的民机维修大纲L／HIRF坊护分析研究

讨论了雷击防护的适航要求,以MSG-3作为分析基础对民用运输类飞机维修大纲L／HIRF防护进行研究,将MSG-3中对于L／HIRF防护的规定分成四个部分进行分析,提出L／HIRF防护敏感度等级、检查间隔以及任务类型确定所采用的方法。本文可为民用飞机初始预定维修大纲的制定提供一定的参考。     

Tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants,representing the higher plant compartment in bioregenerative life support systems,to super-optimal air temperatures

Plants intended to be included in the photosynthesizing compartment of the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) need to be studied in terms of both their production parameters under optimal conditions and their tolerance to stress factors that might be caused by emergency situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants to the super-optimal air temperature of 45 ± 1 °C as dependent upon PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) intensity and the duration of the exposure to the stress factor. Chufa plants were grown hydroponically, on expanded clay, under artificial light. The nutrient solution was Knop’s mineral medium. Until the plants were 30 days old, they had been grown at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR and air temperature 25 °C. Thirty-day-old plants were exposed to the temperature 45 °C for 6 h, 20 h, and 44 h at PAR intensities 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The exposure to the damaging air temperature for 44 h at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR caused irreversible damage to PSA, resulting in leaf mortality. In chufa plants exposed to heat shock treatment at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR for 6 h and 20 h, respiration exceeded photosynthesis, and CO₂ release in the light was recorded. Functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus, estimated from parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence in Photosystem 2 (PS 2), decreased 40% to 50%. After the exposure to the stress factor was finished, functional activity of PSA recovered its initial values, and apparent photosynthesis (P_apparent) rate after a 20-h exposure to the stress factor was 2.6 times lower than before the elevation of the temperature. During the first hours of plant exposure to the temperature 45 °C at 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, respiration rate was higher than photosynthesis rate, but after 3–4 h of the exposure, photosynthetic processes exceeded oxidative ones and CO₂ absorption in the light was recorded. At the end of the 6-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to that recorded prior to the exposure, and no significant changes were observed in the functional activity of PSA. At the end of the 20-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to its initial value, but certain parameters of the functional activity of PSA decreased 25% vs. their initial values. During the repair period, the parameters of external gas exchange recovered their initial values, and parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were 20–30% higher than their initial values. Thus, exposure of chufa plants to the damaging temperature of the air for 20 h did not cause any irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants at either 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ or 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, and higher PAR intensity during the heat shock treatment enhanced heat tolerance of the plants.     

燃油气液比对飞机吸力供油的影响研究

吸力供油是民用飞机燃油系统的基本功能,燃油气液状态是影响吸力供油能力的关键性因素。以某型飞机为例,通过严格的试验方法,对吸力供油能力进行了验证,并以试验数据为基础,对燃油气液比进行计算,分析了其产生的影响。研究结果可用于指导飞机燃油系统设计和发动机性能评定。     

单晶高温合金固液界面形状及对凝固组织的影响

ＤＤ８单晶高温合金在高温度梯度宽变速定向凝固装置上进行了单晶定向凝固实验，并在实验基础上系统地分析了凝固条件对固液界面形状及凝固组织缺陷的影响。结果表明，提高冷却速率，限制凝固速率在特定临界速率Ｖ＊以下，可以保持平直的固液界面；当超过这一临界速率Ｖ＊时，固液界面出现下凹，下凹的间液界面将导致形成小角度晶界、显微组织疏松及发散凝固组织，高凝固速率将导致定向凝固过程的个稳定性，制造冷却速率的定向凝固装置是实现快速定向凝固的必要条件。     

大功率高效率星载固态功率放大器研究

针对卫星系统对于微波大功率放大器的需求,研制了L频段200W高效率固态功率放大器,对其设计方法和关键技术进行了详细论述。应用低温共烧多层陶瓷技术,实现了射频电路的高集成和小型化;基于第三代半导体器件,应用波形赋形及线性补偿技术,提升了射频电路的功率和效率;采用移相全桥拓扑,研制了高效率、大功率二次电源。在1.45~1.55GHz的频带范围内,固放整机输出功率大于200W,效率高于60%,3阶交调优于18dBc,同时具备30dB增益可调,360°内步进5.6°的相位可调能力。试验结果表明,该固放为目前国内星载领域连续波功率和效率最高的单机。     

基于改进半阈值算法的电容层析成像滑油监测方法研究

针对航空滑油检测过程中电容层析成像（Electrical Capacitance Tomography,ECT）存在的病态性和欠定性问题,将稀疏正则化中基于L1/2正则化的半阈值迭代算法应用到ECT图像重建,加入L2范数的惩罚项,构造新的泛函模型,并在迭代过程中设计一种新的约束项以优化解向量。仿真实验采用Comsol5.3搭建系统模型,Matlab2014a处理采集数据。实验结果表明,与Landweber迭代算法相比,改进算法成像误差降低37.33%,相关系数提升33.67%;与半阈值迭代算法相比,改进算法成像误差和相关系数分别降低12.31%和提升11.86%,图像误差降低至0.24、相关系数提升至0.92,且成像时间依然保持在0.06s。实际滑油监测的实验系统采用现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA）直接数字频率生成模块生成数字量的正弦激励信号,通过D/A转化为正负交流信号对测量电极进行激励。实验结果表明,基于ECT系统的改进半阈值迭代算法可以满足航空发动机滑油监测的实时性和准确性的要求。     

基于车载微波辐射计的地面观测试验方法

微波遥感具有全天时全天候的优点,并对云雾、雨雪和植被等有一定的穿透能力。地基微波辐射计以机动灵活的方式接收地表在微波波段的电磁辐射特性,被广泛用于土壤水分、冻融过程等微波遥感定量试验中。以车载多通道双极化微波辐射计(RPG-6CH-DP)为例,针对不同植被覆盖地表,在内蒙古多伦地区开展了为期3个月的野外观测试验,获得了L(1.4GHz)、C(6.925GHz)、X(10.65GHz)三个频率下的极化亮温观测数据。结果发现,L波段对植被的穿透能力最强,对土壤水分变化最敏感。微波辐射计观测地物的方位角、入射角均对观测亮温有直接影响。这为解译地物微波辐射传输过程及其相互作用机理、各种理论模型的发展和验证、地表参数反演算法的改进,以及相关地球观测卫星计划的载荷方案论证奠定了基础。     

可体内降解的骨固定材料的制备研究

为制备强度和韧性都适中且可体内降解的骨固定材料,首先借助聚D,L丙交酯与聚己内酯的扩链反应获得一系列扩链反应聚合物;然后通过测定聚合物拉伸强度和降解性能随扩链剂和扩链反应条件的变化规律,来选择扩链剂和制定最佳制备工艺.利用按上述方法选定的扩链剂和制备工艺,最终制备出了拉伸强度为24.47MPa,延伸率为1091%,降解时间为6个月,且对人体无害的骨固定材料.      

日地L1点探测任务设计与结果分析

日地L1点是太阳观测任务的理想观测点,对于中国后续太阳观测任务具有重要意义,因此在嫦娥五号的拓展任务阶段设计并实施了中国首次日地L1点探测任务,通过在轨飞行验证了日地L1点转移轨道、环绕轨道设计的正确性,对日地L1点的测控链路环境、太阳辐照环境、三体动力学环境、空间辐射环境等飞行环境进行了探测和验证。轨道飞行和各项环境探测的结果与设计模型的预示结果之间比对一致性较好,通过在轨飞行数据验证了设计模型的正确性。各项试验获得了预期的技术成果,进一步丰富了嫦娥五号任务的成果产出,对中国后续深空探测任务和产品的设计具有重要借鉴意义。