Precise line-of-sight vector estimation based on an inter-satellite radio frequency system

This paper proposes a precise line-of-sight (LOS) vector estimation using an inter-satellite radio frequency system. GNSS-like technology is inherited such that the ranging signals are locally generated inside the formation. However, the approach differs from the standard GNSS model usage in that the LOS vector to be of a unit length is fully explored as a priori constraint for the carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution. The constraint is lumped to the mapping process from the real-valued ambiguities to the integers by what is called validation or subset ambiguity bounding. These two approaches have the same rules of regarding the constraint as a gateway to accept or reject the ambiguity candidates, but differ by using “all-ambiguity-set” and “subset-ambiguity”. Both show remarkable improvement with up to 80% lower integer fixing failure rates than without treating the constraint. Validation provides a slightly better performance than the subset ambiguity bounding in terms of the integer fixing failure rates and the computational efficiency. The predefined tolerance regions that are critical for these two methods are analytically determined as function of the carrier noise. The paper also introduces a LOS dependent ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP_LOS) measure that can serve as a metric to characterize the expectation of being able to successfully resolve the ambiguities. The region of ADOP_LOS lower than 0.21 is empirically summarized as the safe region where the integer fixing failure rates are less than 1%. A closed form of the ADOP_LOS is derived which is able to capture the impact of the various factors. Antenna baseline geometries and multiple frequencies in the form of an ultra-BOC signal structure are demonstrated as the most important influencing factors. With multiple properly arrayed antennas and using ultra-BOC structure, instantaneous ambiguity resolution can be achieved and the LOS accuracy can reach millimeter level.     

单人行走运动参数估计方法

人体运动雷达微多普勒能够为目标识别提供特征。由于行人雷达回波的复杂性,从雷达回波中提取运动参数难度很大。为了实现目标精确识别,提出了一种估计单人行走平动速度、步态周期和步长的方法。首先应用广义S变换(GST)得到雷达回波的微多普勒谱,然后提取出躯干部位的微多普勒分量,并将此分量转为一维时间频率序列,最后从序列中直接估计行走的平动速度和步态周期,用这2个估计值间接估计步长。仿真实验证明:本文方法抗噪声性能好,当信噪比大于4 dB时,估计精度高。      

基于UKF参数估计的地月自由返回轨道设计

为快速简便地设计地月自由返回轨道,提出了一种基于UKF参数估计算法的地月自由返回轨道设计方法。该算法不仅避免了传统数值方法推导相关梯度矩阵的复杂性,而且只需基于地月系统二体模型给出猜测初值,从而显著降低了自由返回轨道设计的难度,将地月自由返回轨道对应的两点边值问题的求解转化为参数估计问题,该算法可以得到高精度模型下收敛的精确解。数值仿真结果表明:该算法结构简洁,求解效率较高,所得结果精确且具有良好的鲁棒性,可以作为地月自由返回轨道设计的一个有力工具。     

火星沙尘环境光学图像增强方法

针对火星探测器着陆时沙尘天气对机器视觉的影响,提出一种去除沙尘天气对光学成像影响的方法,为视觉系统提供清晰输入图像。首先对受沙尘天气影响的图像建立模型,然后求取模型中大气光值与透射系数值。对于大气光值的计算采用基于四叉树细分的方法,在最小值图像上搜寻指定阈值面积中灰度均值最大的区域,在初始图像中相同区域计算各通道均值,作为大气光值。在此基础上计算透射系数,完成清晰图像的恢复。通过对受沙尘影响图像测试表明,该方法能够将受沙尘影响的图像恢复成清晰的图像。即使在复杂的环境中,该方法对光照变化、沙尘强度变化和场景变化等仍具有较好的效果。与其他方法相比,本文方法在去除沙尘对光学图像影响方面效果较好,在恢复图像评价指标等方面优于其他方法,能够进一步提高图像清晰度,为光学图像的后期处理提供更丰富信息。      

灰色理论在垃圾气化过程中NOx排放定量预测的应用

本文把灰色理论及方法应用于对垃圾气化处理的NOx排放的定量预测中。建立了一定工况条件下的垃圾气化处理中的NOx排放的灰色预测模型。所建模型的预测结果与实际值的误差只有1％左右。通过本文的实例表明，该方法具有预测精度高、简便易行的优点。对固体废物的气化处理过程中的污染物排放控制具有指导意义。     

基于粘接元技术的区域分裂解法及其应用

针对线性椭圆型问题的，发展了一种无重叠区域分裂方法，首先引入了Lagrange乘子，以使子域交界处解的连续性约束条件获得弱满足。接着重点讨论了Lagrange乘子的近似空间，即粘接元（mortar elements)空间的建立，以及所引起的离散鞍点问题的共轭梯度迭代解法。这种区域分裂方法非常适用于网格不匹配情形。然后，对基于二阶鼓包（bump)函数近似的当地事后误差估算方法提出改进，以使之适应于区分裂情形，我们还将上述方法应用于广义Stokes问题。最后，给出了以误差估算值为准确则的自适应网格上的数值结果。     

一种基于模型误差预测的UKF方法

UnscentedKalman滤波器（UKF）对本质非线性系统具有估计精度高、收敛速度快和容易实现等优点,但是对系统的模型误差比较敏感。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于模型误差预测的UKF方法,称为PUKF（PredictiveUnscentedKalmanFilter）。它利用非线性预测滤波器（NPF）的模型误差预测过程,能够对不准确的系统模型进行实时修正,弥补了UKF方法的不足。仿真结果表明,相对于原始的UKF方法,新方法从滤波精度、收敛速度和收敛的稳定性等几个方面,显著提高了非线性滤波的性能。PUKF可适用于模型不确定、非线性较强系统的滤波。     

天线组阵中相位差的递推最小二乘估计与滤波

相位差的估计精度是影响深空网天线组阵中信号合成性能的关键因素。利用天线组阵S UMPLE或SIMPLE相关算法中相位差估计值之间的几何关系,提出了相位差变化率的最小二乘 估计,并在此基础上提出了相位差的递推最小二乘滤波方法。经过理论分析和仿真实验表明 ,所提出的方法能够大大提高相位差的估计精度;对于给定的例子,估计精度提高了接近两 个数量级。相位差经滤波后,天线阵的信号合成性能显著增强,从而大大提高对深空通信中 微弱信号的数据接收能力。
     

基于工程和数值方法的导弹气动特性计算

导弹气动特性对导弹设计及使用具有重大意义,气动特性的确定是弹道计算、控制参数的选择和结构强度设计的原始依据,其优劣直接影响导弹的飞行性能。针对某型导弹风洞模型,采用一般工程计算方法及FLUENT软件,分别从工程与数值两个方面对其在亚声速条件下的气动特性进行研究,然后将计算所得的主要气动力系数与风洞实验结果进行对比,从而对不同计算方法的精度进行评价。结果表明,二者所计算的气动参数在一定范围内满足工程设计的精度要求,能较为准确地反映导弹的气动特性。     

A fully automated framework for helicopter rotor blades design and analysis including aerodynamics,structure, and manufacturing

This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects (performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects (configuration visualiza-tion and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter config-uration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representa-tion. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for real-istic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part, and materials. A number of codes and commercial software (ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, PreVABS, etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sec-tional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation of composite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory (AADL), Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.