Markov随机跳变系统的传感器系统误差估计

 针对Markov随机跳变系统的系统误差估计问题,提出一种基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)和最大似然估计相结合的在线系统误差估计方法。利用最大似然估计给出系统误差等效后验概率分布函数,采用Metropolis-Hastings抽样方法从该概率分布函数中进行抽样;利用系统误差估计和状态估计互为因果的关系,采用期望极大化(EM)方法迭代估计出最优的系统误差;分别对时变和时不变系统误差场景进行仿真分析,结果表明,在考虑系统误差统计特性的同时,所提方法对解决目标运动模型难以建立情况下的系统误差估计问题具有可行性和有效性。     

非高斯杂波背景中距离扩展目标的盲积累检测器

在采用球不变随机向量(SIRV)建模的非高斯杂波背景下,研究了导向矢量失配或未知时距离扩展目标的检测问题。先假设导向矢量已知,采用广义似然比检验(GLRT)得到每个距离单元的归一化匹配滤波器(NMF)统计量,再将多个距离单元的统计量进行非相干积累得到扩展目标的NMF积累检测器(NMFI),然后通过最大化检测统计量的方法,结合特征值分解技术,对导向矢量进行估计,提出了距离扩展目标的盲NMFI(B-NMFI)。仿真分析表明:当导向矢量失配时,NMFI的检测性能优于GLRT;当导向矢量未知时,B-NMFI能有效地检测目标,并且对不同方位的目标具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于极大似然的单传感器误差配准算法

对单传感器系统误差配准问题进行了研究,首先理论分析了传感器量测系统误差对固定目标探测定位的影响,给出了传感器运动将造成固定目标产生虚像做类似运动的结论;在此基础上,提出了一种基于极大似然的单传感器误差配准算法,该算法基于极大似然准则,利用运动传感器对固定目标虚像位置的多时刻跟踪滤波信息,构建对传感器量测系统误差的极大似然估计,并通过进一步迭代估计获得系统误差最终估计结果,从而能够利用位置未知的固定目标实现运动平台单传感器量测系统误差的精确配准。     

基于张量子空间的信号参数估计算法

针对低信噪比条件下多通道信号特征参数估计问题,提出了两种基于张量子空间的信号参数估计算法,分别是基于矩阵堆叠的张量分解算法和基于张量矩阵因子的联合算法。通过研究参数化信号模型、信号子空间旋转不变性和张量范德蒙分解原理,分析了多通道数据的三维张量数据模型的构建;矩阵堆叠的张量分解算法验证了张量高阶奇异值分解是矩阵奇异值分解的推广,矩阵因子联合算法进一步提高了低信噪比条件下的信号参数估计精度。仿真以信号频率和初相位的估计精度为衡量指标,验证了低信噪比的条件下,张量子空间信号参数估计算法要优于传统的矩阵子空间信号参数估计算法。
     

一种针对短码、周期长码直扩信号扩频序列盲估计方法

提出一种新的针对短码和周期长码直接序列扩频(DSSS,Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum) 信号的扩频序列盲估计方法。将周期长码DSSS信号建模为多用户短码DSSS信号系统,根据接收信号相关矩阵最大特征值个数,判断一个PN周期内调制信息符号个数,依此盲估计信息速率,同时形成分段相关矩阵矢量。利用改进二阶统计盲辨识（SOBI,Second Order Blind Identification）算法盲估计多用户分段DSSS的PN序列,根据特定约束条件(如m序列、Gold序列)去分段相位模糊,最终形成周期长码PN序列。仿真结果表明该算法的有效性,且适应较低信噪比。     

Autonomous space target tracking through state estimation techniques via ground-based passive optical telescope

The presence of operational satellites or small-body space debris is a challenge for autonomous ground-based space object observation. Although most space objects exceeding 10?cm in diameter have been cataloged, the position of each space object (based on six orbital parameters) remains important and should be updated periodically, as the Earth’s orbital perturbations cause disturbances. Modern ground-based passive optical telescopes equipped with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors have become widely used in astrometry engineering, being combined with image processing techniques for target signal enhancement. However, the detection and tracking performance of this equipment when employed with image processing techniques primarily depends on the size and brightness of the space target, which appears on the monitor screen under variable background interference conditions. A small and dim target has a highly sensitive tracking error compared to a bright target. Moreover, most image processing techniques for target signal enhancement require large computational power and memory; therefore, automatic tracking of a space target is difficult. The present work investigates autonomous space target detection and tracking to achieve high-sensitivity detection and improved tracking ability for non-Gaussian and dynamic backgrounds with a simple system mechanism and computational efficiency. We develop an improved particle filter (PF) using the ensemble Kalman filter (KF) for track-before-detect (TBD) frameworks, by modifying and optimizing the computational formula for our non-linear measurement function. We call this extended version the “ensemble Kalman PF-TBD (EnKPF-TBD).” Three sequential astronomical image datasets taken by the Asia-Pacific Ground-Based Optical Space Objects Observation System (APOSOS) telescope under different conditions are used to evaluate three proposed TBD baseline frameworks. Given an optimal random sample size, the EnKPF-TBD exhibits superior performance to PF-TBD and threshold-based unscented KF with two-dimensional peak search (2dPS). The EnKPF-TBD scheme achieves satisfactory performance for all variable background interference conditions, especially for a small and dim space target, in terms of tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.     

基于目标逃逸机动预估的空空导弹可发射区

为适应无人自主空战条件下对空空导弹火控解算的特殊需求,提出了基于目标机动预估的空空导弹可发射区问题。首先,基于导弹-目标追逃对抗策略,设计了目标机动预估模型,根据导弹与目标的相对方位信息,实现对目标逃逸机动方式的预估;然后,基于多种实际约束,构建了导弹运动动力学模型;最后,设计了基于黄金分割搜索算法的可发射区边界求解策略,实现对可发射区边界值的快速精确搜索。仿真结果表明,空空导弹对初始位置位于所提出的基于目标机动预估的可发射区内的目标,具有更大的命中概率;该可发射区更加适应近距空战中目标逃逸机动的剧烈态势变化,有利于导弹战术使用性能的充分发挥。      

航空发动机在线综合诊断结构设计及仿真验证

随着机载航空电子设备的快速发展,使得传统地面系统承担的发动机诊断任务可以在线实现。实时数据的使用,可以在线监测发动机性能退化,减少故障检测和隔离的潜伏期,增加间歇性故障的检测率。为此,提出并设计了一种用于航空发动机气路故障检测和隔离、健康监测及参数估计的在线综合诊断结构。基于xPC Target 原理搭建了硬件实时仿真平台,对该结构进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该结构中的机载自适应模型对发动机健康参数、可测参数和不可测参数的估计误差在0.5%以内;气路故障诊断系统采用实时数据,可以更早地检测和隔离包含间歇性故障在内的各种气路故障。     

阵列宽带Lamb波在结构损伤检测中的应用

阵列信号处理中的空间谱估计可以对信号源进行辨别和定位,于是通过采集在结构上布置的阵列传感器Lamb波信号用来检测损伤发生的位置。通常,大多数空间谱估计方法均以窄带信号为假定,在很多基于Lamb波的结构损伤检测中,为了减小频散特性的影响,大多数研究以Lamb波为窄带信号进行分析,但无限窄的激励信号是物理不可实现的。因此,其在多数情况下Lamb波信号并不符合窄带信号假定,更应被认为是一种宽带信号来进行处理。进而利用空间谱估计中宽带信号非相干子空间处理方法（Incoherent Signal Subspace Method,ISM）中阵列接收的宽带Lamb波信号进行处理,检测出结构发生单一损伤时的损伤位置。随后,当结构损伤与边界反射波有叠加时会引起损伤信号相干,采用宽带信号相干子空间方法（Coherent Signal Subspace Method,CSM）对损伤位置进行检测,得到了较好的结果。     

An optimization iterative algorithm based on nonnegative constraint with application to Allan variance analysis technique

It is well known that inertial integrated navigation systems can provide accurate navigation information. In these systems, inertial sensor random error often becomes the limiting factor to get a better performance. So it is imperative to have accurate characterization of the random error. Allan variance analysis technique has a good performance in analyzing inertial sensor random error, and it is always used to characterize various types of the random error terms. This paper proposes a new method named optimization iterative algorithm based on nonnegative constraint applied to Allan variance analysis technique to estimate parameters of the random error terms. The parameter estimates by this method are nonnegative and optimal, and the estimation process does not have matrix nearly singular issues. Testing with simulation data and the experimental data of a fiber optical gyro, the parameters estimated by the presented method are compared against other excellent methods with good agreement; moreover, the objective function has the minimum value.