一种基于蜂拥策略的分布式无人机编队控制方法

在无人机编队控制中,传统的主从式集中编队控制方式需要大量信息交互,对机间通信的要求较高.针对具有虚拟领航者的分布式无人机自组织编队跟踪问题,运用有界蜂拥算法对无人机模型进行求解.首先,提出了一种有界控制输入的蜂拥算法,并对算法的稳定性进行了分析;其次,对无人机进行了建模,提出了虚拟受力点的概念,并对虚拟受力点进行受力分析,将算法中的加速度转化成无人机径向速度与偏航速度的更新,以达到分布式无人机编队自组织以及跟踪虚拟领航者的目的;最后,通过仿真验证了算法和模型的有效性.     

飞行器纵向非线性动力学建模对稳定性的影响

飞行器的稳定性分析与建立的动力学分析模型密切相关.传统的稳定性分析方法是基于小扰动假设建立线性化模型,当飞行状态中非线性特征明显时,其结果误差会带来多大的影响是人们关心的问题.通过建立飞行动力学非线性模型和气动力非线性模型,采用时间推进方法对两类非线性问题进行了比较系统的研究.数值计算结果表明,飞行动力学非线性模型与线性模型相比,周期增大、幅值减小、衰减率增大;而菲线性气动力模型对周期几乎没有影响,但对幅值有一定的影响.     

钛板刚度对钻削轴向力和出口毛刺的影响

针对弱刚性钛合金薄板钻削过程,从理论和实验两方面研究工件刚度对轴向力和出口毛刺的影响规律。考虑工件变形与轴向力的相互影响,建立弱刚性钛板钻削轴向力预测模型,求解工件变形带来的附加进给率,结合提出的毛刺厚度预测方法和高度累积判定式,实现工件刚度的影响规律分析,并设计以刚度和进给率为变量的钻削实验。实验结果表明,随着工件刚度的减小,轴向力曲线上升段延长、下降段缩短,最大值略微减小;而毛刺高度减小、厚度增加,类型从冠状变为均匀状。轴向力预测曲线与实验曲线趋势相符,峰值预测误差在8%以内;毛刺尺寸和类型的理论分析结果与实验结果具有一致性。工件刚度以改变实际进给率的方式影响钻削过程,因此弱刚性钛板钻削出口毛刺的抑制要综合考虑工件刚度的影响。     

轴向通流旋转盘腔内换热的数值模拟

以数值模拟的方法,采用旋转坐标系稳态方程,研究了轴向通流旋转盘腔内的换热。主要讨论了流动对换热的作用以及旋转系下各力对换热的影响,给出了盘腔内的换热随各无量纲参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:哥氏力的增大削弱了轴向通流旋转盘腔内的换热,惯性力和浮升力的增大增强了换热;反映在无量纲参数上,随着进口雷诺数的提高,盘腔内的换热增强;随着瑞利数的提高(提高转速),盘腔内的换热经历一个缓慢变化-突增-缓慢变化的过程,换热的突然增强是冷气流穿透盘腔所致。      

Nonlinear Dynamics Behaviors of a Rotor Roller Bearing System with Radial Clearances and Waviness Considered

A rotor system supported by roller beatings displays very complicated nonlinear behaviors due to nonlinear Hertzian contact forces, radial clearances and bearing waviness. This paper presents nonlinear bearing forces of a roller bearing under four-dimensional loads and establishes 4-DOF dynamics equations of a rotor roller bearing system. The methods of Newmark-β and of Newton-Laphson are used to solve the nonlinear equations. The dynamics behaviors of a rigid rotor system are studied through the bifurcation, the Poincar è maps, the spectrum diagrams and the axis orbit of responses of the system. The results show that the system is liable to undergo instability caused by the quasi-periodic bifurcation, the periodic-doubling bifurcation and chaos routes as the rotational speed increases. Clearances, outer race waviness, inner race waviness, roller waviness, damping, radial forces and unbalanced forces-all these bring a significant influence to bear on the system stability. As the clearance increases, the dynamics behaviors become complicated with the number and the scale of instable regions becoming larger. The vibration frequencies induced by the roller bearing waviness and the orders of the waviness might cause severe vibrations. The system is able to eliminate non-periodic vibration by reasonable choice and optimization of the parameters.     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

蜻蜓起飞过程飞行特征实验

针对蜻蜓自由起飞过程和准自由起飞过程进行实验观测,采用两个光轴相互垂直的高速摄像机进行拍摄,通过特征点匹配和三维重构方法准确地捕捉了两种起飞过程中蜻蜓身体和翅膀的运动参数,并进行运动特征分析与对比。实验结果表明:蜻蜓在自由起飞过程中采用同步振翅,离地后逐步转换成异步振翅(约110°),最大瞬时竖直加速度可以达到20m/s2;在准自由起飞过程中采用异步振翅(相位差180°),之后相位差逐步降低,最大瞬时竖直加速度为12m/s2;此外发现同步振翅、大攻角下拍及大拍动角有利于升力的产生。      

三角翼大幅度俯仰运动非定常洞壁干扰实验研究

在 3m低速风洞中用两个后掠角均为 70°的大小三角翼模型进行过失速非定常运动模拟 ,两个模型外形几何相似 ,根弦比为 1∶ 2 .1 2 5。在模型运动过程中测量模型的非定常气动力和风洞洞壁上的非定常壁压。研究大小模型对非定常气动力和非定常壁压特性的影响以及模型运动的缩减频率效应和雷诺数效应。结果表明 ,非定常壁压与非定常气动力一样具有迟滞特性 ,模型越大 ,迟滞环越大。     

内乘波式进气道与典型侧压式进气道的性能对比

采用流线追踪技术,基于一种有利于均匀性的基本流场,按内乘波式进气道设计方法生成了一个来流马赫数6.0且进出口形状均为矩形的内乘波式进气道。其设计马赫数、迎风面形状等因素均参照某典型侧压式进气道选取,以便与之对比。CFD计算结果给出了设计状态下该内乘波式进气道与某典型侧压式进气道的流量系数、总压恢复、动能效率等主要性能指标,发现该内乘波式进气道的各项性能参数均略优于侧压式进气道。在非设计马赫数、攻角、侧滑等非设计状态下类似的性能对比研究表明,该内乘波式进气道不仅在设计状态下可捕获98%的来流,而且在各非设计状态下也可捕获91%以上的来流,流量捕获性能优势明显。以上结果证实:实现三维压缩与激波贴口的内乘波式进气道是一种高性能的定几何进气道方案。     

下缘板孔对涡轮叶片尾缘内冷通道流动换热影响的数值研究

涡轮叶片下缘板出气孔对内冷通道的流动和换热性能有较大影响。通过数值模拟方法研究下缘板出 气孔对尾缘和下缘板双路出气涡轮叶片尾缘内冷通道内的流动和换热特性,对比分析孔径、孔形和孔位置对尾 缘溢流孔流量系数、尾缘出流比、尾缘通道内总压系数和尾缘内冷腔壁面换热特性的影响。结果表明:下缘板 出气孔孔径对流量系数分布的影响显著,孔径增大,尾缘溢流孔流量系数下降,尾缘出流比减小,尾缘内冷通道 内压力损失降低,内冷腔平均换热系数增大;孔形对上游内冷通道内流动和换热几乎没有影响;孔位置变化对 内冷通道壁面整体的换热系数影响很小,对局部影响较大。