Construction of lunar DEMs based on reflectance modelling

Existing lunar DEMs obtained based on laser altimetry or photogrammetric image analysis are characterised by high large-scale accuracies while their lateral resolution is strongly limited by noise or interpolation artifacts. In contrast, image-based photometric surface reconstruction approaches reveal small-scale surface detail but become inaccurate on large spatial scales. The framework proposed in this study therefore combines photometric image information of high lateral resolution and DEM data of comparably low lateral resolution in order to obtain DEMs of high lateral resolution which are also accurate on large spatial scales. Our first approach combines an extended photoclinometry scheme and a shape from shading based method. A novel variational surface reconstruction method further increases the lateral resolution of the DEM such that it reaches that of the underlying images. We employ the Hapke IMSA and AMSA reflectance models with two different formulations of the single-particle scattering function, such that the single-scattering albedo of the surface particles and optionally the asymmetry parameter of the single-particle scattering function can be estimated pixel-wise. As our DEM construction methods require co-registered images, an illumination-independent image registration scheme is developed. An evaluation of our framework based on synthetic image data yields an average elevation accuracy of the constructed DEMs of better than 20 m as long as the correct reflectance model is assumed. When comparing our DEMs to LOLA single track data, absolute elevation accuracies around 30 m are obtained for test regions that cover an elevation range of several thousands of metres. The proposed illumination-independent image registration method yields subpixel accuracy even in the presence of 3D perspective distortions. The pixel-wise reflectance parameters estimated simultaneously with the DEM reflect compositional contrasts between different surface units. Specifically, the detected variations of the parameter of the single-particle scattering function indicate small-scale variations of the regolith particle size, possibly as a result of differences in soil maturity.     

星载TDI CCD相机成像仿真系统的实现

以VC++ 6.0为开发环境, 基于航天TDI (Time Delay and Integration) CCD相机地物点与像点的映射模型, 开发了TDI CCD相机成像仿真软件系统, 建立了由卫星单轴气浮姿态控制仿真台和地面星载TDI CCD相机成像仿真软件系统构成的实时航天TDI CCD相机成像仿真平台, 可动态模拟航天TDI CCD相机在进行标称偏流角调节后卫星姿态角速度误差对航天TDI CCD相机成像的影响, 仿真结果与实际成像结果基本一致.      

图像信息反馈的目标航天器跟踪控制方法

定义目标航天器图像形心与像平面中心为跟踪误差,并将该像平面误差直接引入跟踪控制闭环,提出一种增益切换的目标航天器跟踪PD控制律,在由推力器开关控制特性定义开关函数的基础上,给出PD控制器增益切换策略。由于直接使用目标航天器在像平面中的视觉特征误差量,避免了视觉相机内参数标定和目标航天器位姿信息求解等过程,简化了服务航天器的系统配置,同时控制器增益切换实现对测量误差、推力器偏差、转动惯量偏差以及干扰力矩等多种不确定性因素进行补偿,提高了跟踪控制系统稳定性及抗干扰性能。最后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论给出控制器参数估算方法,并理论分析了增益切换PD控制律的收敛性,数学仿真表明该控制律能够对复杂机动目标以及考虑多种不确定性因素等情况进行快速跟踪,校验了视觉跟踪控制策略的有效性及对多类型不确定性的鲁棒性。     

车辙图像频域分析及星球车车轮滑转率估计方法

在月面环境下车轮滑转影响月球车的运动性能和定位精度,针对星球车车轮滑转率检测问题,提出一种基于车辙图像频域特征的滑转率估计方法。通过分析车轮与土壤相互作用过程与车辙形成机理,建立车辙的时域参数化解析模型。并在车辙构造时域解析模型基础上,通过对车辙图像进行频域分析,建立了基于车辙图像基频特征的车轮滑转率估计模型。此外,介绍了一种适用于该方法的车辙频域特征提取和图像处理技术。通过试验证明,该方法只需检测车辙图像基频便可以实现车轮滑转率非接触式精确估计。采用本方法估计车轮滑转率,相对精度可达3%。     

基于FBM分形向量特征的图象匹配

由于自然景物图象的灰度与边缘特征不稳定，基于灰度与边缘的匹配算法对于这一类图象难以生效。本文通过分析ＦｒａｃｔａｌＢｒｏｗｎｉａｎＭｏｔｉｏｎ（ＦＢＭ）的Ｗｅｉｅｒｓｔｒａｓｓ－Ｍａｎｄｅｌｂｒｏｔ随机分形逼近函数的频谱，给出了分形向量特征的定义和快速判别图象的ＦＢＭ区域的方法。在ＦＢＭ区域内采用该特征进行匹配能克服复杂自然景物图象中灰度与边缘特征的不稳定性。实验表明采用ＦＢＭ分形向量特征的匹配方法能够获得比较传统匹配方法，例如平均绝对差算法以及特征匹配法更高的匹配定位精度和匹配概率     

遥感图像数据压缩新技术研究

研究了遥感图像数据压缩新技术。利用半正交小波基和对偶系设计了具有严格线性相位和精确重建特性的ＦＩＲ滤波器组，将其应用于遥感图像的数据压缩，取得了良好的成果。     

系列图象分析和三维目标参数提取技术

系列图象分析是很有前途的崭新学科。本文把分析技术分成光流分析法和几何分析法两大类。在论述两类分析技术的基础上,重点研究了如何检测流速、提取三维几何参数和运动参数以及如何恢复物体的结构,也涉及到三维目标识别问题。文内比较详细地研究了线性的算法,并且提供了已经实现过的某些实验方案和结果。还提出了新方案,即“通用系列图象分析和三维目标参数自动探测装置”。最后,对发展趋势作出了估计,认为系列图象分析技术正朝着理论的完备性和应用的现实性推进。     

水平携带床内玉米秸颗粒速度场的PIV实验研究

为研究生物质颗粒在水平携带床中的流动特性,搭建了水平携带床透明模拟装置.利用PIV无接触测量技术,在氩气流量为1.9 m3/h工况下,对60~160目粒径的玉米秸颗粒流进行了速度场的研究.计算出了颗粒和氩气的平均速度以及流经水平携带床的时间,对颗粒与氩气的跟随性进行了分析.研究结果表明,颗粒流的轴向速度沿轴方向不断增大,管道中心附近的颗粒加速最为明显,而边壁附近的颗粒速度变化相对较慢;颗粒流的速度沿径向大致呈抛物线状分布;颗粒流的平均运动速度比氩气低,颗粒流通过水平床的平均时间略大于氩气.     

最新CCSDS图像压缩算法研究与实现

2005年CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)推出了一项新的图像数据压缩算法标准,制定算法标准的目的是为了解决有效载荷设备的数据压缩以及如何分段压缩能使地面更好地接收图像数据和解压缩.算法的应用能够减少静态图像的数据量,这样不仅可以降低传输带宽,减少数据存储,而且在给定码率情况下能缩短传输时间,这对空间数据压缩具有重要意义.针对CCSDS最新推出的图像压缩算法进行了研究并对其性能进行了阐述,分析了算法硬件实现的可行性,并将算法软件实现的结果与其他图像压缩算法的实现结果进行了测试比较,结果表明在低码率下压缩性能与JPEG 2000,SPIHT相当,甚至更好,完全符合星载图像压缩在低码率下传输的要求.      

Stress corrosion behavior of 2195-T8 Al-Li alloy with an artificial pit exposed to a 30vol% HNO3 solution

This paper experimentally studied the stress corrosion behavior of 2195-T8 Al-Li alloys with prefabricated pits in 30vol% HNO₃. The microstructure was observed and determined by the scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy. The typical corrosion features, i.e., regular or irregular corrosion pits and sub/intergranular corrosion, were investigated, and the role of stress were analyzed. The statistical results of the number and area of corrosion pits in various sizes were studied using an improved image processing method. Experimental results demonstrate that stress affects the intergranular corrosion or sub-intergranular corrosion of the alloy most, and promotes them to evolve into cracks under stress corrosion. Stress also plays a role in accelerating corrosion severity of certain corrosion feature. The number of corrosion pits with an area of 0–50 μm² can be seen as an index to reflect the degree of corrosion. Besides, a corrosion phenomenon, i.e., the pit bottom in the site with the maximum stress locally suffering from no severe corrosion, was observed and discussed.