可倾瓦径向滑动轴承绝热瞬态过程分析

为了研究可倾瓦径向轴承在载荷扰动下的绝热瞬态行为.对瞬态油膜压力和温度分布采用了时变的Reynolds方程和能量方程, 建立了轴颈及瓦块动力学方程.应用有限差分及Newton-Raphson法对方程联立求解, 模拟了阶跃载荷冲击工况下可倾瓦径向轴承热瞬态非线性响应过程.给出瞬态过程中油膜最高温度、最小膜厚等参数的变化规律.结论认为瞬态过程中, 油膜温度和膜厚变化量较大, 油膜温度和膜厚响应有一定的超调量, 瞬态过程中有可能因油膜温升过高或膜厚太小而导致失效.      

片状Al及Al//Mg合金粉的制备及性能

针对金属/水推进剂对金属粉的要求,采用双向旋转球磨机制备了片状Al及Al/Mg合金粉.应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(TG-DSC)、简易点火温度和水反应特性测试装置等手段分析了产物的形貌、结构及高温氧化过程、点火温度和水反应特性等.与球形Al对比结果表明,片状Al及Al/Mg合金粉总增重率大幅提高,初始放热峰温降低,活性增强,点火温度分别降低150℃和400 ℃以上.Al/Mg合金粉的水反应活性优于片状Al粉.     

3种温度标准下的舱外航天服手套的工效评价试验研究

航天员在进行舱外作业时会受到低温的影响,规划航天服手套的温度工效标准具有重要作用。以力量、疲劳、感知感觉和协调性为工效评价指标,在中指指尖皮肤表面温度为常温、15.6℃和10℃3种温度下试验研究了低温环境对手套作业工效的影响。试验发现:①中指指尖皮肤表面温度控制在15.6℃时,工效受到的影响还不明显。在设计手套时,应保证中指指尖皮肤表面温度控制在15.6℃以上;②中指指尖皮肤表面温度在10℃左右工效受到的影响较为明显,其中感知感觉指标受到的影响较大,然后依次为疲劳、力量和协调性。舱外航天服手套的温度标准对于液冷通风服的设计也具有实用的参考意义。     

基于DS18B20的数字温度测量仪

介绍了DS18B20-线式数字温度传感器的功能特性和结构特点,分析了其工作时序,结合AT89S51给出了数字式温度测量装置的系统结构、硬件接口电路和软件设计方法。     

TC4合金叶片热模锻过程的数值模拟

文摘为了生产出质量合格的叶片,针对TC4合金叶片的成形特点,为其制订了相应的热模锻成形工艺。同时采用基于有限体积的材料成形模拟技术,对TC4合金叶片热模锻过程进行了模拟,分析了坯料成形过程中的充填情况、应变场、应力场及终锻温度场的分布规律。模拟结果表明:锻件轮廓清晰,模具型腔充填完整,未出现充不满或折叠等锻造缺陷。实际生产出来的叶片经理化检测和外观检查,质量符合要求,制定的工艺方案合理,可以满足TC4合金航空风扇转子叶片的成形质量要求。     

基于B/S结构镁合金焊接数据库系统设计

文摘设计了基于B/S结构镁合金焊接数据库系统。系统采用ASP技术和网络数据库技术,设计镁合金焊接性查询、编辑以及系统管理等五大功能模块;通过对镁合金焊接的各方面的信息进行合理的、全面的分析和归纳;用户可以很方便地得到镁合金的焊接基本数据、各种试验结果,包括焊接性、相图以及CCT图等各方面的信息。对焊接行业数据共享,焊接生产和制造业数据共享体系建立具有一定的参考和实用价值。     

Solar signals in the minimum extreme temperature records in the southern region of the Gulf of Mexico

Minimum extreme temperature series from several meteorological stations of the Gulf of Mexico are spectrally analyzed using the Maximum Entropy Method.We obtained significant periodicities similar to those found in meteorological and solar activity phenomena. This indicates that probably the solar activity signals are present in the minimum extreme temperature records of this Mexican region.     

High resolution science with high redshift galaxies

We summarize the high-resolution science that has been done on high redshift galaxies with Adaptive Optics (AO) on the world’s largest ground-based facilities and with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). These facilities complement each other. Ground-based AO provides better light gathering power and in principle better resolution than HST, giving it the edge in high spatial resolution imaging and high resolution spectroscopy. HST produces higher quality, more stable PSF’s over larger field-of-views in a much darker sky-background than ground-based AO, and yields deeper wide-field images and low-resolution spectra than the ground. Faint galaxies have steadily decreasing sizes at fainter fluxes and higher redshifts, reflecting the hierarchical formation of galaxies over cosmic time. HST has imaged this process in great structural detail to z  6, and ground-based AO and spectroscopy has provided measurements of their masses and other physical properties with cosmic time. Last, we review how the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will measure First Light, reionization, and galaxy assembly in the near–mid-IR after 2013.     

Semi-analytical investigations of high area-to-mass ratio geosynchronous space debris including Earth’s shadowing effects

This paper investigates the long-term perturbations of the orbits of geosynchronous space debris influenced by direct radiation pressure including the Earth’s shadowing effects. For this purpose, we propose an extension of our homemade semi-analytical theory [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Deleflie, F. Semi-analytical theory of mean orbital motion for geosynchronous space debris under gravitational influence. Adv. Space Res., submitted for publication], based on the method developed by Aksnes [Aksnes, K. Short-period and long-period perturbations of a spherical satellite due to direct solar radiation. Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 13, 89–104, 1976] and generalized into a more convenient non-singular formalism. The perturbations accounting for the direct radiation pressure with the Earth’s shadow are computed on a revolution-by-revolution basis, retaining the original osculating Hamiltonian disturbing function. In this framework, we compute the non-singular mean longitude at shadow entry and shadow exit at every orbital revolution in opposition to classical approaches where the singular eccentric anomalies at shadow entry and shadow exit are computed. This new algorithm is developed using non-singular variables. Consequently, it is particularly suitable for both near-circular and near-equatorial orbits as well as orbits which transit periodically around null eccentricities and null inclinations.The algorithm is tested by means of numerical integrations of the equations, averaged over the short periods, including radiation pressure, J₂, the combined Moon and Sun third body attraction as well as the long-term effects of the 1:1 resonance occurring for geosynchronous objects. As an extension of [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Anselmo, L. Analytical and semi-analytical investigations of geosynchronous space debris with high area-to-mass ratios influenced by solar radiation pressure. Adv. Space Res., doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.025, 2007b], we especially apply our analysis to space debris with area-to-mass as high as 20 m²/kg. This paper provides numerical and semi-analytical investigations leading to a deep understanding of the long-term evolution of the semi-major axis. Finally, these semi-analytical investigations are compared with accurate numerical integrations of the osculating equations of motion over time scales as high as 25 years.     

地面模拟微重力条件下Cu-Pb合金的制备及微观结构与摩擦性能研究

利用地面上建立的微重力电磁模拟设备成功制备出了Cu-Pb二元难混合金,并对其微观组织结构与摩擦性能进行了分析与测试。样品SEM分析结果表明,模拟微重力状态下制备的合金样品较好地克服了地面上因重力影响而产生的严重成分偏析,少数弥散相较均匀地分布于基体中,少数相含量越低,弥散体尺寸越小,分布越均匀;摩擦性能测试结果显示合金模拟样品的摩擦性能明显好于基体金属,且摩擦系数随少数相Pb的含量的增大而减小,体积磨损率随少数相含量的增大先快速减小而后又缓慢增大。同时对实验结果进行了简单的分析与讨论。