高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金拉伸和持久性能的影响

研究了高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金在室温条件下瞬时拉伸强度和在950℃/240MPa条件下持久性能的影响。结果表明:1000℃短期时效100h,合金室温拉伸强度σb与屈服强度σ0.2与时效前相比没有明显变化,时效超过500h后σb和σ0.2开始显著下降,时效超过1000h后,σb和σ0.2随时效时间延长下降幅度减小;短期时效100h和500h样品在950℃/240MPa条件下的持久寿命大幅度降低,延伸率快速上升,时效时间超过1000h后,持久寿命的下降幅度减小,合金的持久寿命与延伸率均趋于稳定。长期时效后γ'相形貌改变及γ/γ'相界面高密度位错网的破坏是时效后合金室温及高温持久性能持续降低的主要原因。     

Preliminary study on heat flux measurement data of TT-0 flight test

With the explosive development of aerospace science, the design of the new generation airliner at higher speeds is attracting more attentions. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to achieve accurate prediction of the aerodynamic heating / force loads and successful reduction of drag and heat flux. As a remedy for the existing studies which are based upon the CFD and wind tunnel tests, this study presents a flight test for the drag and heat reduction spike technology. The principal goals of this flight test were to provide reference for verifying the accuracy of the prediction technology on ground and promote the development of the drag and heat reduction technology. By adopting the OS-X rocket, the TT-0 test vehicle designed by Shenyang Aircraft Design & Research Institute reached a maximum Mach number of 5.8 and a maximum altitude of 38 km. Hypersonic and supersonic pressure data by pressure scanning valves and heat fluxes by gauges at different locations were obtained successfully. Also, heat fluxes obtained by in-house CFD code are illustrated in comparison with the flight data. The results indicate that the numerical errors are large in most cases. More technologies, such as more CFD codes and more numerical procedures, should be adopted to conduct studies on this issue in the future.     

基于传热反问题方法的N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流测量研究

测量液体火箭发动机的热载荷是获取燃烧室内部信息的重要方法。为了获取N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室内壁的热载荷,建立了液体火箭发动机的热流计算的反问题方法,该方法基于对燃烧室壁面温度场的直接求解,通过对轴向多个位置测量温度的反演计算得到燃烧室内壁热流和温度。研究表明:应用文中建立的传热反问题方法能够较为准确地获得热流随时间及空间的分布;热电偶的位置对计算准确性有明显的影响,与理论深度偏差在0.2mm以内的随机深度偏差可导致超过4%热流反演误差;N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流及温度沿轴向逐渐降低,表明燃烧室内的反应释热过程主要在燃烧室头部附近发生。     

新型翅片式减涡器减阻特性数值研究

为了降低压气机径向引气过程中的压力损失,在设计出新型翅片单元结构的基础上,研究了新型翅片单元结构对径向引气压力损失的影响规律,对不同转速、新型翅片结构的去旋系统开展了数值研究,得到了不同工况下压气机共转盘腔径向引气的流场结构及压力损失分布曲线。研究结构表明:新型翅片单元结构能够抑制盘腔内气流旋流比,降低引气压力损失;翅片单元通道宽度和高度均存在最佳值使得减涡器减阻效果较好,在优选结构翅片单元通道宽度L=0.78,通道高度R3=0.97的条件下,其减阻效果较简单盘腔模型提高86.5%。高低翅片结构能起到较好的减阻效果,随着单侧翅片高度的升高减阻效果逐渐增强,在本文结构下增加单侧翅片高度L1=0.3时减阻效果最优,且A侧或B侧翅片增加带来的减阻效益相同。一方面,最优高低翅片结构其减阻性能相比于简单盘腔模型、典型翅片式减涡器模型以及翅片单元通道宽度L=0.78,通道高度R3=0.97的结构模型分别提高87.5%,29%,7.8%;另一方面,最优高低翅片结构能够减轻翅片单元的质量,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

下缘板孔对涡轮叶片尾缘内冷通道流动换热影响的数值研究

涡轮叶片下缘板出气孔对内冷通道的流动和换热性能有较大影响。通过数值模拟方法研究下缘板出 气孔对尾缘和下缘板双路出气涡轮叶片尾缘内冷通道内的流动和换热特性,对比分析孔径、孔形和孔位置对尾 缘溢流孔流量系数、尾缘出流比、尾缘通道内总压系数和尾缘内冷腔壁面换热特性的影响。结果表明:下缘板 出气孔孔径对流量系数分布的影响显著,孔径增大,尾缘溢流孔流量系数下降,尾缘出流比减小,尾缘内冷通道 内压力损失降低,内冷腔平均换热系数增大;孔形对上游内冷通道内流动和换热几乎没有影响;孔位置变化对 内冷通道壁面整体的换热系数影响很小,对局部影响较大。     

基于单片机和CdS涂层老化探头的装备腐蚀监测系统设计

针对装备对腐蚀状态监测需求,以 MSP320单片机为核心控制器、CdS涂层老化探头为腐蚀状态传感器,设计了一款 4路腐蚀状态监测系统,并用于某型车辆腐蚀状态监测。实验结果表明,该系统能真实监控该型车辆的腐蚀状态,为该车辆的预防性维修提供了重要技术和数据支持。同时,该系统具有安装灵活方便、工作可靠、体积小等优点,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

RTM用6818高温环氧树脂化学流变特性研究

以树脂传递模塑(RTM)用6818高温环氧树脂体系的化学流变特性研究为目的,以差示扫描量热法(DSC)和黏度实验为基础,采用外推法初步确定了6818树脂体系的固化工艺制度。依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了树脂体系的化学流变模型,模型曲线与实验数据的吻合性良好。模型分析表明,在80～100℃内树脂体系黏度低于200 mPa·s的时间大于12 h,可以作为6818树脂比较理想的注胶温度。该模型能够反映6818树脂黏度变化规律,预报该树脂体系的RTM工艺窗口。     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

热处理对激光直接沉积成形A-100钢基体组织及性能的影响

研究了激光直接沉积成形A-100钢沉积态及热处理态组织,通过调整热处理工艺获得激光直接沉积成形A-100钢回火马氏体+回火贝氏体混合基体组织。不同热处理工艺下性能对比结果表明,相比淬火马氏体组织,回火贝氏体+回火马氏体混合组织具有更高的强度,但塑性有所下降。     

变频电机绝缘系统老化试验方法的研究进展

对变频电机绝缘系统老化的原因和现象进行了介绍,总结了绝缘系统热老化、脉冲电老化、环境老化及多因子老化的试验标准和试样方法,指出现阶段的试验方法中存在的问题,提出今后的发展趋势。