概念设计时影响涡轮转子叶片强度的关键因素

基于总体结构参数对后期详细设计的重要性这一事实,探讨了航空发动机叶片概念设计中可能出现的强度问题,研究了涡轮叶片的 AN2值、轮缘切线速度、叶片稠度和材料性能等重要设计参数对强度和寿命的影响.结果表明:目前先进民用大涵道比涡扇发动机的 AN2值在25m2·(r/min)2以内,轮缘切线速度应当使得涡轮盘的形状因子控制在2以内,叶片稠度则应满足叶片能被榫连结构包容的要求,材料蠕变和低循环疲劳性能的限制要求高压涡轮叶片根部平均应力控制在250MPa左右.这些结果将为先进航空发动机和燃气轮机涡轮叶片的设计提供重要的参考依据.      

舰载机着舰下滑过程中的PIO趋势评估与防范

为了研究舰载机着舰安全性,首次提出了舰载机的驾驶员诱发震荡（PIO）问题,结合对陆基飞机飞行员诱发振荡的研究成果,分析了舰载机与陆基飞机在该问题上的异同点,构造了速率限制器前置滤波器来改进控制回路中的舵机速率保护结构,重点对舰载机着舰下滑过程可能发生PIO情况进行了仿真分析,并利用史密斯准则评估了过程的振荡趋势,说明了下滑过程发生PIO对着舰安全的影响,同时验证了所提出的防范方法的有效性。     

航空发动机高压转子试验模型的动力学相似设计

为了获得能够替代航空发动机转子原型进行动力学试验的模型，提出了发动机转子系统试验模型的动力学相似设计方法。采用相似理论推导了转子系统缩比模型的动力学相似准则，继而建立缩比模型与原型的动力学相似关系。通过动力学优化方法对转子缩比模型的动力学等效模型进行修正，目标函数由固有频率、临界转速和振型组成。以双转子发动机高压转子系统的动力学相似设计为例，通过有限元仿真对设计方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明，在设计转速范围内，动力学相似模型与原型的前两阶临界转速相似误差分别为3.92%和0.86%，对应振型的相关性均大于0.98，且模型与原型的模态应变能分布基本一致。通过该方法获得的动力学相似模型能够较好地预测原型的动力学特性，并有效降低模型试验的成本和难度。     

Cross-sectional deformation of H96 brass double-ridged rectangular tube in rotary draw bending process with different yield criteria

Different yield criterion has great difference in predicting the deformation of tube with different material. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the cross-sectional deformation of the double-ridged rectangular tube (DRRT) during rotary draw bending (RDB) process, Mises isotropic yield criterion, Hill’48 and Barlat/Lian anisotropic yield criteria commonly used in practical engineering are introduced to simulate RDB of DRRT. The inverse method combining uniaxial tensile test of whole tube and response surface methodology was proposed to identify the parameters of Hill’48 and Barlat/Lian yield criteria of small-sized H96 brass extrusion DRRT as well. Then based on ABAQUS/Explicit platform, the FE models of RDB process of DRRT considering Mises, Hill’48 and Barlat/Lian yield criteria were built. The results show that: The variation trend of cross-sectional deformation ratio is same when using different yield criteria. The cross-sectional deformation ratio by using Mises yield criterion is close to that by using Hill’48 yield criterion. However, there is a quite difference between by using Barlat/Lian yield criterion and by using Mises or Hill’48 yield criteria. The prediction values of cross-sectional height deformation by using three yield criteria all underestimate the experiment ones, and the prediction values of cross-sectional width deformation overestimate the experiment ones. By comparing the simulation results of cross-sectional deformation of the DRRT with different yield criteria and experiment ones, Barlat/Lian yield criterion is found to be suitable for describing the RDB process of DRRT.     

电传直升机人机耦合振荡特性研究

为了分析研究电传直升机的人机耦合振荡特性,将直升机操纵/响应模型与驾驶员诱发振荡(Pilot Induce Oscillation,PIO)判定准则模型相结合,建立了一种适用于电传直升机的PIO预测方法。首先对建立的方法进行了飞行试验验证,然后应用该方法着重开展了PIO参数敏感性分析研究,得到了对降低PIO趋势有指导意义的结果。     

直流电弧等离子体炬电极烧蚀特性分析及实验测量

为研究直流电弧等离子体发生器电极烧蚀特性，进而为其寿命评估提供依据，对直流电弧电极烧蚀特性进行了分析，探究电极烧蚀率的主要影响因素并推导了相关准则数。搭建了电极烧蚀实验系统，对钨电极烧蚀特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:在相同输入功率下，电弧放电过程中阴极与阳极的烧蚀率基本相同且不随时间变化，如2.2 kW时，烧蚀率保持13.88 mg/s不变;在实验功率范围内，电极烧蚀率与输入功率近似呈三次函数关系。利用之前推导的准则数，建立了计算烧蚀率的实验关联式。     

基于感生电压的变压器工作原理分析

研究了楞次定律及法拉第电磁感应定律在电机原理分析中容易引起理解错误的原因,提出采用感生电压代替感生电动势来分析电机原理的方法,并应用该方法分析了变压器负载运行时各个变量之间的关系,给出电压、电流平衡方程、等效电路及相量图。     

Model for the VLF/LF radio signal anomalies formation associated with earthquakes

The influence of quasi-static electric field of seismic origin on the characteristics of the internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the Earth’s ionosphere is considered. The electric field in the ionosphere arises due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere, formation of an EMF in the near Earth atmosphere and perturbation of the conductive electric current in the global electric circuit. Amplification of the electric current in seismic zone is accompanied by the formation of perturbation of the lower ionosphere that affects the amplitude and phase of VLF/LF signals. The action of the electric field on the IGWs is connected with the appearance of the Ampere’s force in the ionosphere. In the spectral range of these waves the latter acts on the neutral component of the ionosphere plasma. As the result of this interaction the ionosphere starts to support the discrete spectrum of oscillations. Periods of their maximums increase as numbers of natural sequence. The existence of such peculiarities of the waves in the ionosphere is confirmed by observations.     

基于刷扫和研磨的复合式小行星取样器取样过程仿真与分析

针对小行星表面微重力环境及样品机械属性未知的特点,提出了一种基于刷扫和研磨的复合式取样器设计方案。该取样器通过刷扫和研磨的复合方式进行取样,能够提高小行星表面取样任务的成功率。为了研究该取样器刷扫取样时刷轮叶片数、刷轮转速、推进速度、星壤参数等对取样效率的影响,研磨和刷扫复合取样的优越性以及刷扫和研磨时的驱动力矩,开展了样品颗粒相互作用建模及研磨取样动力学分析。基于离散元仿真软件EDEM,构建了取样器3D模型并仿真其在小行星表面取样,获得了样品收集质量与取样时间的关系曲线,分析了各个参数对取样效率的影响。结果表明:刷轮叶片数越多,刷轮转速越大,推进速度越大,取样器取样效率更高,刷扫和研磨的复合取样方法比起单一的刷扫取样,具有更高的取样效率。该研究为设计小行星取样器、取样参数设定和取样效果分析提供了依据。     

The calculation of ionospheric absorption with modern computers

New outcomes are proposed for ionospheric absorption starting from the Appleton–Hartree formula, in its complete form. The range of applicability is discussed for the approximate formulae, which are usually employed in the calculation of non-deviative absorption coefficient. These results were achieved by performing a more refined approximation that is valid under quasi-longitudinal (QL) propagation conditions. The more refined QL approximation and the usually employed non-deviative absorption are compared with that derived from a complete formulation. Their expressions, nothing complicated, can usefully be implemented in a software program running on modern computers. Moreover, the importance of considering Booker’s rule is highlighted. A radio link of ground range D = 1000 km was also simulated using ray tracing for a sample daytime ionosphere. Finally, some estimations of the integrated absorption for the radio link considered are provided for different frequencies.