体现主客方校准法的塔式垂准仪校准装置

介绍了基于顶杆原理的主客方校准法;叙述了以三轴重合为功能设计重点、以天顶天底和屋顶地面照准标融为一体为主线、可见光与激光校准项目有机结合的实现主客方校准法的校准装置设计思路与构建原则。最后,给出了装置复现的准铅垂线的准确度分析。     

Surface Roughness Effects on Vortex Torque of Air Supported Gyroscope

In order to improve the drift precision of air supported gyroscope, effects of surface roughness magnitude and direction on vortex torque of air supported gyroscope are studied. Based on Christensen’s rough surface stochastic model and consistency transformation method, Reynolds equation of air supported gyroscope containing surface roughness information is established. Also effects of mathematical models of main machining errors on vortex torque are established. By using finite element method, the Reynolds equation is solved numerically and the vortex torque in the presence of machining errors and surface roughness is calculated. The results show that surface roughness of slit has a significant effect on vortex torque. Transverse surface roughness makes vortex torque greater, while longitudinal surface roughness makes vortex torque smaller. The maximal difference approaches 11.4% during the range analyzed in this article. However surface roughness of journal influences vortex torque insignificantly. The research is of great significance for designing and manufacturing air supported gyroscope and predicting its performance.     

空间站大型伸展机构的运动稳定性分析

从空间站大型伸展机构的运动特点和系统动力学方程出发，着重分析了该系统的稳定性判据。这一问题又可分为五个方面：姿态-伸展-振动耦合系统的分析方法，复杂大系统的分解集结方法，时滞系统和滞后系统的稳定性问题，Stick-Ship运动对系统对系统稳定性的影响，非线性非定常系数稳定性的一般解。其中还对接触、摩擦、碰撞问题，变拓扑系统，非光滑动力学系统等进行了专门的研究，分析了Lyapunov指数方法在这些特殊系统中的适应性。本文对空间站大型伸展机构的稳定性问题进行了较全面的分析，指出了目前在处理这类复杂大系统时存在的一些难点问题，为其设计和研制工作提出了理论基础。     

正交各向异性单向复合材料裂纹尖端塑性区求解

基于复合材料力学基本理论,推导了Tsai-Hill准则、Hoffman准则和Tsai-Wu准则在平面问题下的一般表达式,在平面应力和应变状态下,得到复合材料中心裂纹板裂纹尖端塑性区的解析解.结果表明,基于Tsai-Wu准则得到的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型裂纹裂尖塑性区范围最小.平面应变状态下的裂尖塑性区范围小于平面应力状态下的裂尖塑性区范围.裂纹倾角β对复合材料裂尖塑性区范围和形状有明显影响,不同值得到的塑性区结果差别很大.不论是平面应力还是平面应变条件,裂纹尖端塑性区域都随着裂纹倾角的增大而增大.     

多臂空间机器人的视觉伺服与协调控制

针对多臂空间机器人自主目标抓捕任务,首先建立多臂空间机器人的运动模型和其与目标的相对运动模型,采用Kane方法建立多臂空间机器人的动力学模型;其次,研究基于视觉伺服的机械臂在线轨迹规划算法,并引入零反作用机动,消除机械臂运动对平台姿态的扰动;再次,在不使用零反作用机动功能时,分别使用基于角动量前馈补偿的协调控制算法和逆动力学方法设计了协调控制器,在机械臂运动时保持平台姿态和相对目标的位置。最后,开发了基于Matlab的仿真软件MASS（多臂空间机器人仿真）,仿真结果校验了上述方法的有效性。     

Simulation study of motion of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere

This article aims to understand the motion of the charged particles trapped in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. The emphasis is on identifying the numerical scheme, which is appropriate to characterize the trajectories of the charged particles of different energies that enter the Earth’s magnetosphere and get trap along the magnetic field lines. These particles perform three different periodic motions, namely: gyration, bounce, and azimuthal drift. However, often, the gyration of the particle is ignored, and only the guiding center of the particle is traced to reduce the computational time. It is because the simulation of all three motions (gyro, bounce, and drift) together needed a robust numerical scheme, which has less numerical dissipation. We have developed a three-dimensional test particle simulation model in which the relativistic equation of motion is solved numerically using the fourth and sixth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The stability of the simulation model is verified by checking the conservation of total kinetic energy and adiabatic invariants linked with each type of motion. We found that the sixth-order Runge-Kutta method is suitable to trace the complete trajectories of both proton and electron of a wide energy range, 5 keV to 250 MeV for L = 2 – 6. We have estimated the bounce and drift periods from the simulations, and they are found to be in good agreement with the theory. The study implies that a simulation model with sixth-order Runge-Kutta method can be applied to the time-vary, non-analytical form of magnetic configuration in future studies to understand the dynamics of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere.     

低热层臭氧含量振荡和温度起伏间的耦合关系

本文求出了声重波传播过程中,低热层臭氧含量振荡和温度场起伏间的耦合关系。首次揭示出其正负相关性的内在原因和判据——动力扰动尺度。在中小尺度声重波扰动范围内,臭氧含量振荡与温度场起伏是正相关的,且相关幅度可达或超过7;而在大尺度或行星尺度波范围内,则一般为负相关。此发现可解释低热层中臭氧含量快速变化及臭氧含量长时间纬圈平均值变化与温度场成负相关的观测事实。本文还在声重波尺度范围内比较了线性和非线性理论的结果,结果表明两者没有太大的差异。     

高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘的三维轮廓

为了解决高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘三维轮廓的难题,提出了一种基于球阵列标定检验方法,直接对金属表面的叶片前缘三维轮廓进行高精度测量的相位轮廓测量系统.通过多角度数据融合算法和非线性最小二乘的递归算法,最后高精度测量出叶片前缘三维轮廓,对叶片前缘16个剖面进行拟合,得出了叶片前缘半径和前缘圆心.结果显示:叶片前缘测量系统、方法和算法的综合误差为±0.03mm.此实验装置和方法测量效率高、精度高,将叶片测量和模型化技术推进了一步.      

采样定理与奈奎斯特准则的研究

揭示出采样定理存在的局限性，推导出了一个解决这一局限性的普适化采样定理公式。并由此证明，在存在码间相互干扰的情况下，在一定条件下，仍然可以无失真地恢复出样点值，而且Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ传输率可以超过。     

基于粗糙基的高超声速进气道起动／不起动分类方法研究

进气道起动／不起动状态检测是高超声速进气道研究的重要内容，它是进气道保护控制的基础和前提。针对这一问题，对高超声速进气道进行了不同边界条件下的二维稳态流场数值模拟。提出了利用粗糙集方法对进气道的测点进行约简处理，得到了进气道起动／不起动的分类准则，对分类准则进行了内在的物理机制分析，并利用其它工况数据对判断准则进行了验证。验证结果表明了分类准则的正确性。