弹性体运载火箭建模及控制器设计

考虑运载火箭飞行过程中的弹性振动特性,对运载火箭进行全量动力学建模以及控制器设计。首先将运载火箭考虑为一维梁模型并建立全量动力学模型,分别引入自适应滤波姿态控制算法和H_2范数鲁棒增益调度控制算法设计控制器。仿真结果表明:在考虑舵机非线性情况下两种控制方法均能够满足精度要求,在具有较大外部扰动情况下,鲁棒增益调度控制算法相较于自适应滤波算法具有较强的鲁棒性。     

A fast and automatic full-potential finite volume solver on Cartesian grids for unconventional configurations

To meet the requirements of fast and automatic computation of subsonic and transonic aerodynamics in aircraft conceptual design,a novel finite volume solver for full potential flows on adaptive Cartesian grids is developed in this paper.Cartesian grids with geometric adaptation are firstly generated automatically with boundary cells processed by cell-cutting and cell-merging algo rithms.The nonlinear full potential equation is discretized by a finite volume scheme on these Cartesian grids and iteratively solved in an implicit fashion with a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm.During computation,solution-based mesh adaptation is also applied so as to capture flow features more accurately.An improved ghost-cell method is proposed to implement the non-penetration wall boundary condition where the velocity-potential of a ghost cell is modified by an analytic method instead.According to the characteristics of the Cartesian grids,the Kutta condition is applied by specially computing the gradients on Kutta-faces without directly assigning the potential jump to cells adjacent wake faces,which can significantly improve the solution con verging speed.The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are validated by several typical cases of sub/transonic flows around an ONERA M6 wing,a DLR-F4 wing-body,and an unconventional figuration of a blended wing body (BWB).The validation cases demonstrate a fast convergence with fully automatic grid treatment and computation,and the results suggest its capacity in application for aircraft conceptual design.     

沥青基碳纤维热导率的间接法测量

文摘采用"四探针法"测定6种沥青基碳纤维单丝的轴向电阻率,通过3个经验公式计算得到其热导率,再将计算值与厂商公布值进行对比分析。结果表明:对于热导率600或300 W/(m·K)的碳纤维采用公式λ=1261/ρ计算得到的热导率值与厂商公布值最为吻合,而对于热导率在300~600 W/(m·K)的碳纤维采用公式λ=440 000/(100ρ+258)-295计算得到的热导率值与厂商公布值最为吻合。以此测试值为基础,建立了沥青基碳纤维单丝电阻率与其热导率的函数关系λ=152 740/(100ρ+22)-26,具有更强的普适性。     

基于增益在线辨识的微机电陀螺 标度因数补偿技术研究

标度因数温度稳定性是微机电陀螺的关键指标之一,是评价陀螺温度性能的重要依据。推导并分析了温度对陀螺标度因数的影响,指出驱动模态振动位移、检测通路电路增益及两模态频差是影响陀螺标度因数温度稳定性的3个重要因素,测试了对标度因数影响较大的电路增益和频差在温度变化条件下的变化。对此设计了基于增益在线辨识技术的标度因数温度补偿方案并进行了数值及宏模型仿真,通过在驱动端和检测端施加一远离陀螺工作频率的辅助信号实时辨识出电路的增益变化,进而进行增益补偿,同时对陀螺频差变化带来的影响也进行了补偿。仿真结果表明该方法能够大幅提高陀螺标度因数的温度稳定性,由未补偿下的7.93×10~(-4)/℃降至1.0×10~(-5)/℃以内,改善幅度达98%以上。     

×××机翼主梁的寿命分布研究

本文通过运用Ｗ∧２统计量的检验方法对ＸＸＸ飞机八个失效的机翼主梁寿命分布进行了检验,得出该主梁寿命分布为威布尔分布。     

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing, more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life. At present, the in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density, good wear resistance and improved strength. It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material. In this study, the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness, residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites were analyzed. It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress. However, the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270 °C. An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins, river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.     

Fatigue crack propagation of new aluminum lithium alloy bonded with titanium alloy strap

A new type of aluminum lithium alloy (Al-Li alloy) Al-Li-S-4 was investigated by test in this paper. Alloy plate of 400 mm · 140 mm · 6 mm with single edge notch was made into samples bonded with Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti alloy) strap by FM 94 film adhesive after the surface was treated. Fatigue crack growth of samples was investigated under cyclic loading with stress ratio (R) of 0.1 and load amplitude constant. The results show that Al-Li alloy plate bonded with Ti alloy strap could retard fatigue crack propagation. Retardation effect is related with width and thickness of strap. Flaws have an observable effect on crack propagation direction.     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

民机防冰系统自然结冰试飞技术研究

结合某型民机自然结冰条件下防冰系统的试飞,对试飞所需的测试改装工作进行了总结,并对试飞前需进行的各种安全性评估进行了总结说明,明确了试飞中需考虑的各种构型情况,提出一套循序渐进的自然结冰试飞方法。同时提出了试飞中结冰气象参数的可接受性判据,最后针对自然结冰试飞中结冰气象参数的处理提出了分段等效处理的方法。     

机载蒸发循环系统结构的稳健性研究

机载蒸发循环系统结构的疲劳寿命易受外界和内部环境的影响,导致无法满足设计要求。采用随机有限元法,参照设计变量和随机变量的变异性,建立机载蒸发循环系统结构疲劳寿命稳健性优化的数学模型;通过引入权因子α,将稳健性优化问题转化为结构疲劳寿命均值和标准差的双目标优化问题。结果表明:合理设置疲劳寿命均值和标准差的权因子,可有效降低设计变量和随机变量对变异的敏感性,进而提高机载蒸发循环系统结构疲劳寿命的稳健性。