民用飞机辅助动力装置起动电气系统研究

辅助动力装置系统的主要作用是为飞机在地面和空中提供备用电源并为发动机起动及环控系统提供气源。起动系统作为辅助动力装置系统的重要组成部分,是保证APU正常工作的前提条件。对辅助动力装置起动系统几个典型构型的电气原理和电气接口进行了介绍和分析,并通过对各种电气设计的对比,分析得出民用飞机在辅助动力装置起动系统电气设计上的发展方向,为民用飞机辅助动力装置起动系统设计方案的选择提供参考和借鉴     

基于源项法的气膜冷却涡轮叶片多目标优化

以GE-E³高压涡轮第一级气冷导叶为研究对象,通过多目标遗传算法优化气膜孔布局以降低叶片表面温度。其中采用源项法模拟全场气膜冷却效果,该方法节省计算量的同时无需对气膜孔划分网格,通过对比实验结果后认为,源项法可以较好地模拟出冷气覆盖效果如表面动量损失等。在此基础上采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-II (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II),以气膜孔的出气角及流向位置为设计变量,以叶片表面最高温度及平均温度为优化目标。结果表明叶片表面温度分布有所改善,其中压力面优化效果要好于吸力面。      

带冲击-气膜双层壁结构的涡轮导叶冷却特性源项法数值研究

为了降低由于大量冷却孔导致的计算资源消耗,采用源项法对带冲击-气膜双层壁冷却结构的Mark II涡轮导叶传热进行了简化数值模拟,并与不采用源项法的结果进行了对比。分析了冷却孔网格密度以及流量系数经验关系式对源项法模拟精度的影响。结果表明,采用源项法能够基本准确地模拟叶片表面温度分布并且缩短75%的计算时间。当冷却孔进出口面网格最小尺度小于孔径的1/10时,数值模拟结果将不随面网格密度改变。影响模拟精度的主要因素是经验关系式能否准确模拟总冷气流量以及横流对流量系数的影响。     

霍尔推力器能量损失系统性评价方法

霍尔推力器典型效率在50%左右,其余能量在电离、加速、耦合等过程中耗散掉,为了明确推力器优化设计的重点方向,需要定量地研究各个物理过程中损失的能量。因此,本文从能量损失分析的角度入手研究影响霍尔推力器效率的典型物理过程及机理,建立了针对霍尔推力器能量损失的系统性评价方法,为霍尔推力器设计及优化提供理论支撑。从霍尔推力器能量转化过程入手,并以能量的最终作用对象及性质作为分类的标准,建立了新的能量损失体系,认为霍尔推力器损失的能量主要有：径向羽流动能、阳极沉积热能、壁面沉积热能、电离能、阴极耦合损失。针对各项损失能量建立了实验评估方法,实验结果显示,阳极热沉积、壁面热沉积、羽流发散导致的能量损失是制约霍尔推力器效率的主导因素,其占比分别达到5.2%、24.7%、6.1%。实验测得所有输出功率占输入阳极放电功率比例达到102.1%,经不确定度分析,认为是阳极热沉积、电离能、阴极耦合损失的高估导致的,但该方法诊断得到的各项损失相对数量级关系是确定的,利用实验校核了方法的可行性,为霍尔推力器性能以及设计水平的评价提供了新的视角。     

Experimental study of rotor blades vibration and noise in multistage high pressure compressor and their relevance

Rotor blades fault of aeroengine compressor is mostly caused by mechanical and aerodynamic excitation. And the excitation factor of high intensity sound wave to rotor blades should not be ignored. Experimental researches are conducted on a multistage high pressure compressor. When high level vibration occurs on the first stage of rotor blades, the noise spectrum presents typical characteristic for discrete multi-tone in the compressor. The amplitude of blade vibration displacement and the sound pressure level of characteristic frequency noise increases and decreases simultaneously and reaches the maximum value at the same time. This frequency merely occur on a certain speed range and is locked in a specific range which presents no variation with the rotating speed. When high level vibration occurs on the first stage of rotor blades, the noise spectrum presents a sharp peak and the propagation state of the characteristic frequency is a helix structure in the compressor. It can be confirmed that acoustic resonance occurs in the multistage compressor. The acoustic resonance frequency and its side band frequencies are generated by modulation of a rotating noise source at the rotor speed which is the excitation source of the rotor blades vibration.     

基于国产金锡焊料的功率芯片焊接工艺及可靠性研究

金锡焊料具有强度高、抗氧化性好、抗疲劳、蠕变性能优良等优点,在混合集成电路中得到越来越多的应用,尤其是在大功率高可靠集成电路中通过共晶焊接来降低封装热阻和提高芯片焊接可靠性。本文分析了国产金锡焊料的基础特性,基于国产金锡焊料采用手动方式进行功率芯片摩擦共晶焊接关键控制参数焊接工艺研究;对功率芯片金锡焊接宇航应用可靠性进行验证。结果表明,经历系列严苛的宇航环境热力学试验,剪切强度满足相关标准要求并保持强度稳定,显示了焊接的高可靠性。     

一种新型高可靠性箭上配电控制器设计

针对传统箭上配电器在新应用时期下产生的问题，设计了一种基于MOSFET的供配电开关和基于采样电阻进行电流采集的新型高可靠性箭上遥测配电控制器，解决了传统继电控制器触点大电流冲击粘连问题，实现了新形势下的全国产化、小型化设计要求，进一步提高了系统可靠性，具有广泛的应用推广性。     

影响环形微阴极电弧推力器寿命的因素研究

为了研究影响环形微阴极电弧推力器寿命的因素，首先分析了可能的因素，接着通过试验研究了电流参数对阴阳极间电阻的影响，不同功率下的推力器热性能以及功率大小对绝缘体腐蚀的影响。试验结果表明，为了延长推力器的寿命，需要控制推力器较大的放电电流，使得阴阳极间电阻动态平衡，维持在0.5~10 kΩ；需要选择合适的放电功率，功率阈值应考虑各部件材料的高温承受能力；另外，绝缘体的腐蚀是制约推力器寿命的主要因素，降低放电功率有助于减缓该腐蚀。     

Assessment of converting approach to efficient design of micro-turboprop engines

The design, manufacture and experiment of a shaft power unit for converting a micro-turbojet engine to a micro-turboprop in the class of less than 20 kW with the aim of obtaining maximum shaft power were described in this study. For this purpose, a Wren100 micro-turbojet engine was used as the gas generator, and the specifications of its outflow were measured. The optimal configuration of the inter-stage diffuser, which was an annular S-type diffuser, was selected based on its small total pressure drop and outlet flow uniformity. The power turbine was a single stage axial turbine that was designed based on the fixed nozzle angle assumption without any taper or twist in its stator. The turbine rotor was a bladed disk (Blisk) in which its unique blade profiles were designed based on the Wilson method. Subsequently, the shaft power unit was completed by designing and manufacturing an exhaust complex and gearbox. Finally, the micro-turboprop engine was tested with an overloading propeller. The results show a significant increase in the extracted power, an acceptable efficiency of the power turbine, and a significant reduction in the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) compared to other engines that use similar gas generators.