苏联／俄罗斯数据中继卫星系统评述

在全面收集相关资料的基础上,对苏联／俄罗斯中继卫星系统发展历史和现状给出了较为准确和明晰的描述,并从专业的角度对卫星星座、轨道位置、有效载荷及平台特性、服务范围和在轨运营等重要内容作出了技术评论。其结果对评价我国在这一领域中的成就和研发下一代卫星均具有参考价值。     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

基于双二体模型的月球探测器返回轨道初步设计及特性分析

双二体模型是深空探测初步轨道设计普遍采用的假设.本文针对月球探测器从月球驻留轨道返回的任务,对直接返回型轨道和间接返回型轨道,建立了基于直观六参数的返回轨道模型.通过对直观六参数及出口点时刻这些可选参数的分析,得到了约束条件和可选参数的定性关系,易于搜索满足要求的返回轨道.最后针对两种返回轨道类型的算例表明该方法是有效的.     

Sensitivity Analysis for Safety Design Verification of General Aviation Reciprocating Aircraft Engine

This paper presents an application of global sensitivity analysis for system safety analysis of reciprocating aircraft engine. Compared with local sensitivity analysis results, global sensitivity analysis could provide more information on parameter interactions, which are significant in complex system safety analysis. First, a deterministic aviation reciprocating engine thermodynamics model is developed and parameters of interest are defined as random variables. Then, samples are generated by Monte Carlo method for the parameters used in engine model on the basis of definition of factor distribution. Eventually, results from engine model are generated and importance indices are calculated. Based on the analysis results, design is improved to satisfy the airworthiness requirements. The results reveal that by using global sensitivity analysis, the parameters could be ranked with respect to their importance, including first order indices and total sensitivity indices. By reducing the uncertainty of parameters and adjusting the range of inputs, safety criteria would be satisfied.     

一种空间可展开桁架结构杆件热膨胀系数的优化设计

文章就一种空间可展开平板天线支撑桁架结构的热膨胀系数设计,针对传统靠经验试凑的情况,提出了一种热膨胀系数优化设计方法。该方法首先通过分析计算各杆件轴的热膨胀系数对热变形的影响(即计算热变形对杆件轴向热膨胀系数的敏度),根据敏度绝对值的大小对杆件进行分组;其次,在给定最大热变形约束下,将敏感杆件组的热膨胀系数设为设计变量进行优化,计算杆件热膨胀系数极值,从而确定其所能允许的可行范围;最后对计算所得的热膨胀系数范围进行了校验和参数分配,经计算,在此范围内取值符合最大变形约束要求。     

大挠性空间桁架结构的动力学建模与仿真研究

对航天器结构中常用的一字型空间桁架,基于建立的普通式和拉索式空间桁架结构简化模型,用有限元法建立空间桁架结构模型,分别对两种空间桁架结构的模态特性、谐响应和瞬时激励响应等动力学特性进行了仿真研究,分析了拉索式空间桁架结构的弦张力对桁架结构振动特性的影响。研究较好地模拟了大挠性空间桁架结构的动力学特性及其在外太空的真实工况,有一定的参考意义。     

飞轮不平衡对卫星颤振影响分析

基于卫星飞轮的静动不平衡原理,对飞轮的静动不平衡进行了建模。根据建立的整星动力学模型进行了仿真分析。结果表明：飞轮的静不平衡对整星的扰动较动不平衡大2个量级,是主要的颤振激励源。     

基于粒子轨迹的结冰风洞收缩段优化设计数值模拟

为了研究收缩段型面和液滴轨迹特性对结冰风洞流场品质与结冰试验效果的重要影响,获得收缩段的优化设计参数,采用数值模拟方法,使用二维简化模型对3m×2m结冰风洞收缩段的流场特性进行了研究,对几种典型收缩曲线的流场进行了计算,对比了收缩曲线对沿轴向压力分布、出口截面速度分布、不同粒径云雾粒子的极限释放距离及试验段入口云雾粒子分布的影响,结果表明:三次曲线与x_m为0.4的五次曲线不能满足流场合格指标,其他曲线流场特性差别不大,维氏曲线具有最小极限释放距离,在收缩段出口,三次曲线和五次曲线粒子包络面积最大,综合比较,x_m为0.5的五次曲线能有效兼顾流场均匀性、极限释放距离和收缩段出口粒子包络面积比.      

机身上壁板复合材料蒙皮数字化成型工艺

为解决树脂基复合材料复杂结构件工艺难以实现问题,采用三维工艺模型设计、铺层工艺仿真、铺层样片排版与数控下料、激光投影铺层定位等数字化技术,不但从根本上改变了传统的复合材料构件生产方式,解决了工艺技术难题,而且在缩短研制周期、提高产品质量,降低研制成本等方面都取得了显著的应用效果。     

某起动机转速切断装置自动测控系统设计

采用高速单片机C8051F020和VNH3SP30单封装全桥电机驱动芯片控制电机上升速度并进行转速等数据采集,设计出某飞机起动机部件-转速切断装置组件地面测控系统。实际使用证明该系统能确保转速上升斜率的一致性,捕捉到的切断转速值可靠,并且工作稳定、性价比高、人机界面友好。