最小支撑树算法在基因表达数据聚类分析中的应用

聚类分析已成为对基因表达数据进行挖掘以提取生物医学信息的主要方法.本文提出了基于图论的最小支撑树(Minimum spanning tree,MST)聚类算法,用MST表示多维基因表达数据,可将数据的聚类转换为对最小支撑树的分割,相对于传统聚类方法,最小支撑树算法具有形象直观、对一些准则函数能产生全局最优解等优点;将MST算法分别与Memetic algorithm及人工免疫算法(Artificial immune network,aiNet)相结合,则产生更优化的聚类结果.对酵母基因表达数据的实验结果表明,最小支撑树聚类算法是一种有效的基因表达数据的聚类方法.     

一类N-策略M/G/1排队系统队长分布

文章考虑具有延误休假时间的N-策略M/G/1排队系统,通过全概率分解等技术研究了队长的瞬态和稳态性质,导出了在任意时刻t瞬态队长分布的拉普拉斯变换递推表达式和稳态队长分布的递推表达式,最后研究了稳态队长分布的统计性质。     

Expression of p53-regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines after spaceflight in a frozen state

The 53 kDa tumor suppressor protein p53 is generally thought to contribute to the genetic stability of cells and to protect cells from DNA damage through the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. To clarify the effect of space radiation on the expression of p53-dependent regulated genes, gene expression profiles were compared between two human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines: one line (TSCE5) has a wild-type p53 gene status, and the other line (WTK1) has a mutated p53 gene status. Frozen human lymphoblastoid cells were stored in a freezer in the International Space Station (ISS) for 133 days. Gene expression was analyzed using DNA chips after culturing the space samples for 6 h on the ground after their return from space. Ground control samples were also cultured for 6 h after being stored in a frozen state on the ground for the same time period that the frozen cells were in space. p53-Dependent gene expression was calculated from the ratio of the gene expression values in wild-type p53 cells and in mutated p53 cells. The expression of 50 p53-dependent genes was up-regulated, and the expression of 94 p53-dependent genes was down-regulated after spaceflight. These expression data identified genes which could be useful in advancing studies in basic space radiation biology. The biological meaning of these results is discussed from the aspect of gene functions in the up- and down-regulated genes after exposure to low doses of space radiation.     

Impact risk analysis for a spacecraft in Cosmo-Skymed orbit

This paper presents a case study of Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris risk assessment for a spacecraft flying in an orbit close to that of the Italian Cosmo-Skymed constellation. The aim of the analysis was to calculate the failure flux impinging on the satellite external shell, taking into account both geometry and materials of satellite surfaces. Furthermore the analysis included the evaluation of the contribution to debris population at the selected orbit of the fragments produced by a Chinese Anti-SATellite experiment, which caused the catastrophic break-up of the satellite Fengyun 1C in January 2007.     

粉末高温合金FGH96惯性摩擦焊接头室温疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试与分析

FGH96是采用损伤容限设计思想研制的新型粉末高温合金,是满足高推比、高燃效发动机使用要求的涡轮盘、环形件和其他热端部件的理想材料。FGH96惯性摩擦焊接头的细晶组织对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用使得其裂纹扩展速率小于母材。母材和接头断裂路径均为穿晶断裂。     

热处理对高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

通过"搅拌摩擦焊+固溶+人工时效热处理"的方法实现了12 mm厚航天用高强铝合金2A14M的焊接及接头性能改善。研究表明未进行焊后热处理的焊接接头断裂位置位于焊核区,平均抗拉强度为192.3MPa,接头显微硬度呈"几"字形分布,硬度分布峰值位于焊缝区,接头不同特征区域的硬度差高达60。采取的焊后热处理对焊接接头及母材不仅具有细化晶粒、改善组织均匀性及优化强化相分布的作用,还能削弱拉伸过程中尖锐晶界对接头的撕裂作用,从而达到提高接头性能的目的,表现为:焊后热处理使接头内部显微硬度差为20,接头拉伸断裂于焊核区,抗拉强度达到440 MPa,为未进行焊后热处理接头的2.29倍;焊后固溶热处理的搅拌摩擦焊接头其断裂位置在焊核区及母材的几率大致相同,各占约50%,从而实现了提高搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的目标。     

FGH95粉末高温合金低周疲劳性能研究

通过对飞机发动机涡轮盘材料FGH95粉末高温合金在600℃、650℃下的低周疲劳性能的研究，获得了中值和置信度γ=95％、存活率P=99．87％的低周疲劳数据。以及表征材料特性的应变-寿命曲线、循环应力-应变曲线和各应变疲劳参量。为飞机发动机的粉末涡轮盘设计选材和寿命预估提供了依据。     

GPS M码综述

M码信号是GPS系统采取的主要抗干扰措施,M码信号设计是未来军用GPS基础设施的核心问题,美国GPS联合计划办公室已于2001年8月批准了M码信号结构,计划在2004年发射第一颗M码卫星。本文介绍GPSM码信号的设计要求,M码信号调制方式设计以及信号捕获设计。     

超高强度钢M50NiL的精密磨削加工研究

本文采用正交试验方法,对表层硬化M50NiL展开了磨削加工试验,获得了各工艺参数对表面粗糙度和磨削烧伤的影响趋势,并建立了磨削表面粗糙度的经验公式.     

二次硬化超高强度钢中析出强化相HRTEM研究

使用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对高Co-Ni超高强度钢AetMet100在482℃/5h回火后的析出强化相进行研究,对高分辨格子像进行傅立叶变换得到FFT花样并进行标定,从而确定强化相。试验结果发现,在Aet-Met100钢马氏体基体上同时存在两种形态的弥散析出强化相:一种是已有很多报道的棒状M2C碳化物,长度约9.6nm,直径约3.1nm,与基体的取向关系为(01)M∥(001)M2C,[010]M∥[100]M2C;另一种是椭球状的Fe2Mo金属间化合物(Laves相),直径约6.5nm,与基体的取向关系为(2  )M∥(001)L,[111]M∥[100]L。这两种第二相尺寸相当,均为基体的强化相。