Reliability evaluation of avionics system with imperfect fault coverage and propagated failure mechanisms

Fault tolerance designs are essential techniques for systems that require high levels of reliability, such as aircraft or spacecraft control system. Imperfect Fault Coverage (IFC) may lead to the failure of a system or subsystem even with adequate redundancy. Previous studies of IFC mostly concentrated on evaluating Coverage Factor (CF), whereas the system failure behaviors with IFC have rarely been involved. Failures that occur in low-layer may be covered by high-layer. However, if the coverage is imperfect, uncovered failure will have functional and physical impact on the system behavior. In this thesis, the failure behavior and reliability of IFC of multi-layer systems are studied and a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD)-based modeling and simulation method are proposed to evaluate system reliability. As a case, the failure behavior of an aero engine electronic controller with IFC is studied. The results show that the IFC may impact system behavior without taking the IFC into account, the system maintenance intervals may reduce, and thus the maintenance costs will increase.     

Orbit Design for Responsive Space Using Multiple-objective Evolutionary Computation

Responsive orbits have exhibited advantages in emergencies for their excellent responsiveness and coverage to targets. Generally, there are several conflicting metrics to trade in the orbit design for responsive space. A special multiple-objective genetic algorithm, namely the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ (NSGAⅡ), is used to design responsive orbits. This algorithm has considered the conflicting metrics of orbits to achieve the optimal solution, including the orbital elements and launch programs of responsive vehicles. Low-Earth fast access orbits and low-Earth repeat coverage orbits, two subtypes of responsive orbits, can be designed using NSGAⅡ under given metric tradeoffs, number of vehicles, and launch mode. By selecting the optimal solution from the obtained Pareto fronts, a designer can process the metric tradeoffs conveniently in orbit design. Recurring to the flexibility of the algorithm, the NSGAⅡ promotes the responsive orbit design further.      

卫星星座的空域覆盖性能计算模型

空域覆盖性能计算是星座覆盖性能分析的重要组成部分。分析了星座的关注区域,参考美国的SMTS系统,归纳了空域覆盖性能的主要影响因素;提出了Walker—delta星座最小覆盖重复周期的简化计算,以及基于最小覆盖重复周期内的经纬度覆盖等效性,这两方面可为空域覆盖性能计算中的仿真时间界定和空间采点提供依据;最后举例详细阐明了星座空域覆盖性能的基本特征．并基于此得出星座空域覆盖性能的评价角度,以此作为星座空域覆盖特性的本质表现。     

不确定度表述中包含因子确定的一点质疑

针对测量结果中出具扩展不确定度时给出置信概率的表达方式,在依据国家规范不同部分确定其包含因子时的不一致性进行了讨论,并给出了解决设想。     

基于多目标进化算法的MEO区域通信星座优化设计

在分析星座轨道要素的基础上，研究了用改进非劣分层遗传算法（NSGA—Ⅱ）对中轨道（MEO）卫星的区域通信卫星近地点幅角、升交点赤经和平近点角等星座参数进行优化的方法，并对有5颗椭圆中轨卫星的星座进行了优化仿真。结果表明，优化后的星座不仅能在我国领土范围内提供实时通信服务，而且具有一定的全球覆盖能力。     

在轨跟踪与数据中继卫星测控关键技术(上)

根据卫星轨道根数，研究了跟踪与数据中继卫星（TDRS）对用户星的精确跟踪规律，并据此分析了TDRS对卫星平台姿态和天线运动范围的要求。介绍了TDRS测控中的关键技术，如螺旋扫描算法在TDRS搜索用户星时的应用、TDRS对近地卫星的覆盖率、TDRS跟踪多用户星的资源分配准则、星蚀和日凌计算，以及轨道位置保持控制策略等。相关控制策略的正确性已在我国地球同步轨道卫星的在轨测控应用中得到了证实，可用于未来TDRS的工程测控和业务应用。     

面向飞行器自主导航的铱星/星链星座覆盖性及可见性分析

针对低轨星座机会信号导航中单星座构型和可见星数无法同时满足高精度、高可用性的难题,基于铱星、星链轨道参数,建立了单星座和混合星座模型,探究了各个星座覆盖重数、覆盖率及飞行器对上述星座的可见性。研究结果表明：飞行器可见星数随飞行高度增加而减少,随飞行器最小观测仰角增大而减少,星链和铱星的融合可显著增加纬度60°以上区域可见星数。铱星对全球不同纬度、不同时间具有100%全覆盖;星链目前覆盖区域向两极拓展,对全球覆盖重数最大为56,最小为0,未实现全球不同纬度、全时段100%的覆盖率,但中国区域星链覆盖率均优于美国区域。星链和铱星的混合星座使全球覆盖重数优于10,不同纬度、不同时间覆盖率达到100%,显著优于单星座。     

基于县级数据的机场人口覆盖率测算方法及结果差异

机场可达性是机场建设和规划的重要指标。本文讨论了可达性研究中的参数设置与计算方法,并采用我国2009年县级数据计算和对比了不同方法得到的机场人口覆盖率。结果发现不同方法得到的结果存在较大差异,所反映的机场服务水平的空间格局也有差异。本文进一步讨论了其对机场规划的启示。     

Analysis on coverage ability of BeiDou navigation satellite system for manned spacecraft

To investigate the service ability of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) for manned spacecraft, both the current regional and the future-planned global constellations of BDS are introduced and simulated. The orbital parameters of the International Space Station and China׳s Tiangong-1 spacelab are used to create the simulation scenario and evaluate the performance of the BDS constellations. The number of visible satellites and the position dilution (PDOP) of precision at the spacecraft-based receiver are evaluated. Simulation and analysis show quantitative results on the coverage ability and time percentages of both the current BDS regional and future global constellations for manned-space orbits which can be a guideline to the applications and mission design of BDS receivers on manned spacecraft.     

显微硬度工作基准装置测量不确定度评定

基于显微硬度的数学定义公式 ,对建立的数显式显微硬度工作基准装置的测量不确定度进行了评定。