火箭喷管极性自动化测试系统的改进设计研究

使用计算机视觉方法进行的发动机极性自动化测试是火箭地面测试中重要的测试环节，该环节存在进一步改进和提升的空间。将递归全对场变换（Recurrent All-pairs Field Transforms, RAFT）光流算法替代传统光流法检测技术用于发动机喷管实时运动监测，并根据现场测试场景对光流算法进行了优化，提升了运动检测速度与测量精确度，使自动测试系统具备了摆角的估测能力；在软件系统设计层面，引入差异图像直方图法监听法辅助喷管动作识别，避免了光流法对于未处在监测流程中的摄像头的冗余监听资源消耗，降低了系统硬件设备的负载，同时实现了一种可视化在线判读软件的设计。提出的软件与算法方面的改进在当前已投入使用的极性自动化测试系统上实现了进一步的优化。     

考虑约束的高超声速飞行器制导与控制一体化设计

针对高超声速飞行器上升段飞行过程中强耦合、强非线性同时要求满足过程约束的特点，提出了一种结合级联控制方法和控制障碍函数的新型三维制导控制一体化算法。首先通过对速度子系统设计控制障碍函数约束算法来满足飞行器的过程约束要求，然后利用反步法、动态逆控制方法设计其余子系统的控制器，两者共同组成制导控制一体化控制器。考虑到飞行器在上升过程中容易遭遇阵风扰动的问题，设计非线性干扰观测器以增强算法的鲁棒性。最后通过李雅普诺夫函数证明了系统的稳定性，并且通过仿真验证了该新算法能够在满足高超声速飞行器上升段过程约束的同时，实现飞行器的三维跟踪控制。     

Model predictive control for close-proximity maneuvering of spacecraft with adaptive convexification of collision avoidance constraints

This study investigated model predictive control (MPC) for close-proximity maneuvering of spacecraft. It is essential for a designed MPC to effectively handle collision avoidance between the servicer spacecraft and the client spacecraft, especially while the client is rotating. The rotating motion of the client leads to dynamic changes in the collision avoidance constraints, which increases the difficulty of optimizing the control input in the MPC framework. Therefore, this study presents a method to improve the performance and computational efficiency of MPC for rendezvous and docking with a nonrotating or rotating client. An ellipsoid is adopted to model the client’s keep-out zone (KOZ). Given the spherical KOZ of the servicer, an expanded ellipsoid is introduced to describe the KOZ for the center of mass of the servicer and modeled as a nonlinear constraint. The linearization method for reference points located at the expanded ellipsoid is adopted to convexify the nonlinear constraints. The reference points are adaptively determined according to the positions of the servicer, client, and expanded ellipsoidal KOZ. The resulting hyperplanes are then used to describe the collision avoidance constraints. By utilizing the aforementioned strategies, combined with the calculated reference points, an adaptive convex programming algorithm suitable for real-time implementation of MPC is derived. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations.     

一种基于模型预测的火星返回推力器容错控制再分配方法

针对火星返回上升器由于环境等因素造成的推力器故障导致的姿态控制系统失稳而难以安全返回的严重问题，提出基于模型预测的动态容错控制再分配方法。根据推力器动态特性建立上升器推力分配模型，对模型参数误差进行实时估计从而修正分配模型，根据模型预测自适应推力再分配方法实施容错控制。同时，将推力器输出限制作为优化求解器的约束，并将推力器故障模型作为优化求解的约束域，实现最小化分配误差和最小化燃料消耗意义下的最优推力再分配。计算机仿真表明了该方法的可行性和实用性，获得了满意的结果，它能使推力器输出推力误差降低60%以上，姿态控制系统能在故障状态下3～5 s快速镇定。     

Vector deflection stability control of aero-engine based on linear active disturbance rejection

Aimed at the problem of instability in engine control caused by vector deflection in experiment of turbofan engines with Axisymmetric Vectoring Exhaust Nozzle (AVEN), a vector deflection stability control method of aero-engine based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (LADRC) is proposed. Firstly, based on CFD numerical simulation, aerodynamic performance model of AVEN is established, and the aerodynamic load change rule of the nozzle throat area actuator during vector deflection is revealed. Subsequently, the integrated model of AVEN/turbofan engine is established by Simulink/AMESim co-simulation. Finally, the nozzle throat area control loop based on LADRC is designed. The simulation results show that the integrated model can reflect the influence of vector deflection on the stability of the control system. The accuracy comparison between the fan rotor speed and the test data during vector deflection is larger than 1%, indicating a high degree of confidence. Compared with the conventional PID control, the designed LADRC control loop reduces the speed of the low-pressure rotor during vector deflection by 70%, which effectively improves the control stability of the vector deflection. Meanwhile, the fuel flow ratechange during the vector deflection process is smaller and more economical, which provides an important reference for engineering applications.     

Nonlinear adaptive flight control system: Performance enhancement and validation

The problem of decreasing stability margins in L₁ adaptive control systems is discussed and an out-of-loop L₁ adaptive control scheme based on Lyapunov’s stability theorem is proposed. This scheme enhances the effectiveness of the adaptation, which ensures that the system has sufficient stability margins to achieve the desired performance under parametric uncertainty, additional delays, and actuator faults. The stability of the developed control system is demonstrated through a series of simulations. Compared with an existing control scheme, the constant adjustment of the stability margins by the proposed adaptive scheme allows their range to be extended by a factor of 4–5, bringing the stability margin close to that of variable gain PD control with adaptively scheduled gains. The engineered practicability of adaptive technology is verified. A series of flight tests verify the practicability of the designed adaptive technology. The results of these tests demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed control scheme with nonlinear parameter estimations under insufficient stability margins and validate its robustness in the event of actuator failures.     

固定翼无人机编队的启发分布式模型预测控制

针对无人机编队飞行控制中队形保持、路径规划、重构、防撞等多重功能需求,采用启发型分布式模型预测控制框架,将需求转化为多目标优化问题中的代价函数与相容性约束求解,实现了对无人机编队飞行的一体化控制.同时,采用分阶段式的轨迹规划算法,融合模型预测轨迹规划与多项式轨迹规划,利用多项式轨迹系数实现高效的邻居轨迹信息交互,从而增大了模型预测控制的预测范围,并降低了规划控制过程中的计算量与通信量.最后,通过9架无人机的协同避障编队仿真,证明了该方法的有效性.     

远程空天运输系统总体设计与控制技术的科学挑战

远程空天运输系统是一种利用航天运载技术实施全球极速运输的运载工具，具有小时级洲际到达能力，可作为陆海空传统运输方式的重要补充。具有现实的社会、科技、经济应用价值。分析了远程空天运输系统的发展需求与意义，对标设计要求研究了技术实现途径，在进一步分析系统的任务特点和技术特点分析基础上，提出了远程空天运输系统总体设计与控制技术中的设计难点与科学挑战，为未来远程空天运输系统设计提供参考。     

Virtual flight test of pitch and roll attitude control based on circulation control of tailless flying wing aircraft without rudders

Circulation Control(CC) realizes rudderless flight control by driving compressed air jet to generate a virtual rudder surface, which significantly improves low detectability. The layout plan of combined control rudder surface is proposed based on the tailless flying wing aircraft. The closed-loop jet actuator system and stepless rudder surface switching control strategy are used to quantitatively study the control characteristics of circulation actuator for pitch and roll attitude through 3-DOF ...     

基于自抗扰的无人机俯仰姿态控制

针对无人机俯仰姿态控制回路在模型参数和复杂外界环境等不确定性干扰影响下鲁棒性差、系统响应速度慢的问题,采用工程上易实现的自抗扰控制(ADRC)方法设计了俯仰姿态控制器,通过构造线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)估计不确定性干扰,并在控制回路中对干扰进行实时补偿.性能分析与仿真结果表明,基于ADRC的无人机俯仰姿态控制器具有良好的性能和干扰抑制能力,并且能够实现对控制指令的精确跟踪.