深基坑支护技术的质量控制——以预应力锚杆和钻孔灌注桩组合为例

分析采用预应力锚杆和钻孔灌注桩组合深基坑支护技术,在施工过程中存在的缺陷类型和形成原因,指出为了确保支护结构施工质量,制订相应的改进措施,经过实践验证,表明了措施的安全性及有效性。     

Space Flight Validation of Design and Engineering of the ZDPS-1A Pico-satellite

The ZDPS-1A pico-satellites are the first satellites in China within the 1-10 kg mass range that are successfully operated on orbit. Unlike common pico-satellites, they are designed to be "larger but stronger" with more powerful platforms and unique payloads so as to bear a better promise for real applications. Through their space flight mission, the functionality and performance of the two flight models are tested on orbit and validated to be mostly normal and in consistency with design and ground tests with only several inconforming occasions. Moreover, they have worked properly on orbit for one year so far, well exceeding their life expectancy of three months. Therefore, the space flight mission has reached all its goals, and verified that the design concept and the engineering process of the picosatellites are sufficient in allowing them the desired functionality and performance in, and the adaption to the launch procedure and the low-Earth orbit space environment. In the foreseeable future, the platform together with the design concept and the engineering process of the pico-satellites are expected to be applied to more complicated real space applications.     

北斗B1 QPSK调制信号的高灵敏度捕获算法

卫星信号在复杂环境中功率存在衰减,导致其低于接收机正常捕获范围,给信号捕获带来较大困难。在分析北斗B1频点信号体制及研究码并行捕获算法基础上,提出了针对北斗B1 QPSK调制信号的双通道并行搜索捕获算法,设计了优化的相干、非相干码并行捕获算法,解决了信噪比较低环境中北斗卫星信号捕获困难的问题。利用卫星信号模拟器产生的仿真信号对双通道并行捕获算法和相干、非相干累加捕获算法进行验证与分析,结果表明,前者性能明显优于单通道捕获,后者较普通捕获算法具有更理想的捕获灵敏度。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the mechanism of biochemical alterations induced by simulated microgravity in Microcystis aeruginosa

Simulated microgravity (SMG) can inhibit proliferation and enhance microcystin production of Microcystis aeruginosa. We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating the SMG induced changes of proliferation, photochemical system II photochemical activity, pigment, soluble protein and microcystin production in M. aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa was exposed to 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) or 0.02 mM 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO, NO scavenger) alone or in combination with SMG for 48 h. SMG and SNP inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa while c-PTIO had no effect on cell number. As to yield, the negative effect of SMG was augmented by SNP and suppressed by c-PTIO. The intracellular concentrations of chlorophyll a, carotenoid, phycocyanin, soluble protein and microcystin were increased by SMG after 48 h. The effects of SMG on these metabolic processes could be enhanced by SNP and be partly eliminated by c-PTIO. Moreover, SNP and c-PTIO only functioned in these biochemical processes under SMG, unlike in the regulation of cell proliferation and yield. These results showed that the effects of SMG could be enhanced by adding exogenous NO and be mitigated by scavenging endogenous NO, revealing the involvement of NO in the changes in biochemistry processes induced by SMG in M. aeruginosa.     

Improving dUT1 from VLBI intensive sessions with GRAD gradients and ray-traced delays

Exact knowledge of the angle of Earth rotation UT1 with respect to coordinated time UTC, dUT1, is essential for all space geodetic techniques. The only technique which is capable of determining dUT1 is Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). So-called Intensive VLBI sessions are performed on a daily basis in order to provide dUT1. Due to the reduced geometry of Intensive sessions, there is however no possibility to estimate tropospheric gradients from the observations, which limits the accuracy of the resulting dUT1 significantly. This paper deals with introducing the information on azimuthal asymmetry from external sources, thus attempting to improve the dUT1 estimates. We use the discrete horizontal gradients GRAD and the empirical horizontal gradients GPT3 as well as ray-traced delays from the VieVS ray-tracer for this purpose, which can all be downloaded from the VMF server of TU Wien (http://vmf.geo.tuwien.ac.at). The results show that this strategy indeed improves the dUT1 estimates when compared to reference values from multi-station VLBI stations, namely by up to 15%. When converted to length-of-day (LOD), the estimates can be compared to LODs from global analyses of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Here, the improvement amounts to up to 7% compared to neglecting a priori information on azimuthal asymmetry.     

X射线脉冲星动态信号处理方法研究

X射线脉冲星导航是一种基于X射线脉冲星观测的新型天文自主导航方法,脉冲星在轨动态信号处理技术一直是脉冲星导航的难点和重点,特别是低轨高动态条件下的信号处理比高轨低动态情况更加困难。针对动态信号处理中实测数据信噪比偏低的问题,提出了一种适用于低轨高动态情况的脉冲星动态信号处理方法,并对其原理进行了分析,建立了相关数学模型,并使用HXMT卫星和XPNAV-1卫星的实测数据验证了算法性能,实验结果表明:该方法有效提高了导航观测量处理精度。     

空间目标距离像畸变分析及运动参数估计

针对卫星目标的宽带雷达回波信号,从理论上详细分析了目标运动产生的多项式相位模型,指出三次以上的相位对一维距离像的畸变可以忽略。以频谱主瓣的展宽程度为判据,推导了二次相位需补偿时的目标速度边界条件。结果表明,在典型参数条件下卫星目标的径向速度远大于该临界速度（约560m/s）,需在成像前予以补偿。最后,结合雷达目标散射中心的稀疏分布特性,提出了基于L1范数的空间目标运动参数估计算法。结果表明,该算法对速度的估计误差接近克拉美-罗下界,且远小于临界速度,可用于卫星目标成像。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

含热诱发扰动的挠性卫星L_1自适应控制

为了揭示挠性帆板的热诱发运动机理及其对卫星本体姿态机动的影响,采用拉格朗日能量法建立了主刚体带挠性梁模型受到突加热流时系统的动力学模型,分析了帆板热诱发运动的特性。假设系统的模型参数未知,设计了L1自适应控制器,仅卫星的姿态角和姿态角速度作为反馈量,将帆板热致振动和变形作为未建模动力学特性,实现卫星考虑帆板热扰动力矩的快速姿态机动控制。数值仿真结果表明,环境温度突然变化引起的帆板运动包括准静态变形和振动两部分,同时引起的姿态误差也包括常值偏差和姿态振动,所设计的控制器在系统考虑热引起的扰动时仍可以有效地实现卫星的快速姿态机动,且系统各阶挠性模态稳定,参数估计收敛。     

定向片模型描述的“天绘一号”卫星影像区域网平差

针对三线阵相机的成像特点,文章利用卫星辅助数据建立了"天绘一号"卫星三线阵影像的严密成像模型,在常规定向片模型描述外方位元素变化特征的基础上,考虑定向片间的连续平滑制约条件,并将其引入摄影测量光束法平差中,从而构建"天绘一号"卫星三线阵影像光束法平差模型,最后利用真实影像数据进行实验验证。结果表明,在一定数量地面控制点参与条件下,合适的定向片数目选取并顾及定向片间的连续平滑制约条件,检查点能够达到平面方向约为1.5个像元、高程方向优于1个像元的定位精度,验证了该文所建模型的正确性和有效性。