The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Deep Impact Mission Design

The Deep Impact mission is designed to provide the first opportunity to probe below the surface of a comet nucleus by a high-speed impact. This requires finding a suitable comet with launch and encounter conditions that allow a meaningful scientific experiment. The overall design requires the consideration of many factors ranging from environmental characteristics of the comet (nucleus size, dust levels, etc.), to launch dates fitting within the NASA Discovery program opportunities, to launch vehicle capability for a large impactor, to the observational conditions for the two approaching spacecraft and for telescopes on Earth.     

The History and Dynamics of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Since its discovery in 1867, periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been observed at 10 returns to perihelion, including all its returns since 1967. The observations for the seven apparitions beginning in 1967 have been fit with an orbit that includes only radial and transverse nongravitational accelerations that model the rocket-like thrusting introduced by the outgassing of the cometary nucleus. The successful nongravitational acceleration model did not assume any change in the comet’s ability to outgas from one apparition to the next and the outgassing was assumed to reach a maximum at perihelion. The success of this model over the 1967–2003 interval suggests that the comet’s spin axis is currently stable. Rough calculations suggest that the collision of the impactor released by the Deep Impact spacecraft will not provide a noticeable perturbation on the comet’s orbit nor will any new vent that is opened as a result of the impact provide a noticeable change in the comet’s nongravitational acceleration history. The observing geometries prior to, and during, the impact will allow extensive Earth based observations to complement the in situ observations from the impactor and flyby spacecraft.     

TiC/Al复合材料在锌液中均匀化机理分析

采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）法制备高TiC颗粒含量的TiC／Al复合材料。利用自制的实验装置研究复合材料中TiC颗粒在静止锌液中的均匀化过程。结果表明：当锌液温度低于铝的熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置于锌液后，锌向其内部扩散，引起复合材料表层内液相线温度降低，当表层内Al-Zn合金的液相线温度等于或低于锌液温度时，Al-Zn合金便处于熔融状态，TiC颗粒随其一起从TiC／Al复合材料块上脱落，并不断地向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中；而当锌液温度高于铝熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置入后，锌和铝同时进行扩散，但是当复合材料表面温度达到铝熔点时，铝开始熔化，铝的熔化导致TiC颗粒的脱落，脱落下来的TiC颗粒不断向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中。     

有1的结合环的交换性

本文证明了有１的结合环的两个交换性定理，推广了Ｇｉｒｉ．Ｒ．Ｄ等人在参考文献１中的结果。     

应用模拟退火算法求解飞机调度问题

通过分析飞机运行的时区集合特点,将飞机调度问题转化为固定工件排序问题。根据工件占用机器的时间区间,利用划分时间片算法把需要平行作业的工件挑选出来组成无向图的相邻顶点,从而将固定工件问题转化为图的k-顶点着色问题,然后建立0-1整数规划数学模型,并设计出相应的模拟退火算法。最后应用该算法针对飞机调度问题进行了仿真研究,结果表明:在可接受的时间内能够得到该问题的满意解。     

1/f波动数据的产生及其舒适感分析

为了获得使人感到舒适的自然风,提出了对风扇转速进行1/f控制的方案,详细论述了1/f波动数据的生成和对风扇电机电压的控制方法,并用单因素方差分析的方法将1/f波动控制产生的舒适感的效果与白噪和1/f 2波动控制方式的情况进行比较,证明了1/f波动控制方式对于提高人的舒适感的有效性.     

XPNAV-1卫星实测数据处理与分析

为展示我国首颗脉冲星导航试验卫星XPNAV-1载荷实测数据的性能,采用与国外公布实测数据对比分析的方法,从观测数据计数统计、光子能量响应、计时性能三方面介绍了XPNAV-1卫星发布数据的性能。分析结果表明,我国自主研发的探测器观测结果与国外天文卫星载荷观测结果的一致性较好,未来进一步深入发展将有望应用于脉冲星导航。     

基于腱驱动的空间多指灵巧手的位置/腱张力混合控制

现有的腱驱动空间多指灵巧手通过对每一根腱施加独立的张力实现力控制,忽略了腱绳耦合运动的影响.针对“N+1”型腱驱动多指灵巧手系统内腱绳运动和腱张力耦合的问题,采用关节转矩到腱张力映射的方式解决,同时加入位置控制,构成位置/腱张力混合控制系统,实现腱驱动灵巧手的主动柔顺控制.“Matlab+ ADAMS”联合仿真结果验证了算法的可行性.     

改进暗通道遥感影像去雾方法及效果分析

遥感影像的预处理工作是遥感数据应用的基础。去除云雾是影像预处理工作的重要组成部分。针对遥感影像雾霾浓度分布不均匀的问题,提出一种改进的暗通道遥感影像去雾方法。以"高分一号"(GF-1)卫星为例,根据影像灰度图中的灰度值对影像雾霾浓度区域进行划分,对每个区域中暗原色值的获取方式进行改进,使用导向滤波优化大气传输率,以归一化植被指数(NDVI)为基础,设计用于评价影像去雾质量的定量指标。结果表明:所提出的方法能明显去除雾霾干扰,有效改善卫星影像数据的视觉效果,增强影像细节。该方法去雾处理后的遥感数据能应用于定量遥感,提高遥感影像的可用性及有效性。