基于奇异摄动法的水下机器人串-并联PID控制

针对串级PID控制应用于水下机器人位置、姿态控制时出现的收敛速度慢、抗扰动能力差等问题,提出一种基于奇异摄动法的串-并联PID控制方法.使用时标分解法得到水下机器人的快慢子系统模型,根据奇异摄动法设计串-并联PID控制.以自主设计的水下机器人为基础,使用最小二乘法测定水动力参数.通过仿真与实验证明串-并联PID控制具有...     

纳米鞣酸Pb(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及其燃烧催化性能研究

采用液相分散沉淀法制备了纳米鞣酸Pb(Ⅱ)配合物,用TG、TEM和FTIR对产物的形貌、粒径和组成进行了表征,考察了纳米鞣酸Pb(Ⅱ)配合物对RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧的催化作用。结果表明,产物的平均粒径约为80 nm,能明显改善推进剂的燃烧性能,使推进剂的燃速提高了148%,压强指数(6~8 MPa)从0.861降低至0.129。     

YE3系列(IP23)设计参数的分析和测试验证

YE3系列(IP23)三相异步电动机在整体结构上做了全新的设计,直接影响了电动机各种设计参数的选取。对杂散损耗、机械损耗以及气隙等设计值的选取作了对比分析,并结合样机测试数据来验证取值的合理性。     

基于Volterra级数的非定常气动力降阶模型

为了满足气动伺服弹性分析与综合的需要,优化了一种基于Volterra级数的非线性非定常气动力降阶模型。通过CFD技术计算出的广义非定常气动力阶跃响应辨识出Volterra核,应用特征系统实现算法建立非定常气动力的状态空间模型,并将该模型应用于气动弹性计算。用气动弹性标准模型AGARD 445.6机翼对该降阶模型做了验证,结果表明这种方法可以快速准确地求解气动弹性问题。     

应力强度因子的区间分析方法

 传统上用来处理不确定性问题比较有效的方法是概率分析方法,本文应用区间分析方法对具有不确定参数的应力强度因子进行估计。该方法以区间数学为基础,将不确定参数描述为区间变量;再利用Taylor级数展开通过区间运算得到应力强度因子的区间范围,从而为工程设计提供可信的数据。区间分析方法优于传统的概率分析方法的是：它不需要预先知道关于不确定参数大量的统计数据信息,并且具有计算方法简便、实用和精度高的特点。最后,通过对两种裂纹情况的计算将区间分析方法和传统的概率分析方法进行比较,说明了该方法的有效性。     

Land use/land cover classification using time series Landsat 8 images in a heavily urbanized area

It is of great significance to timely, accurately, and effectively monitor land use/cover in city regions for the reasonable development and utilization of urban land resources. The remotely sensed dynamic monitoring of Land use/land cover (LULC) in rapidly developing city regions has increasingly depended on remote-sensing data at high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, due to the influence of revisiting periods and weather, it is difficult to acquire enough time-series images with high quality at both high temporal and spatial resolution from the same sensor. In this paper we used the temporal-spatial fusion model ESTARFM (Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model) to blend Landsat8 and MODIS data and obtain time-series Landsat8 images. Then, land cover information is extracted using an object-based classification method. In this study, the proposed method is validated by a case study of the Changsha City. The results show that the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient were 94.38% and 0.88, respectively, and the user/producer accuracies of vegetation types were all over 85%. Our approach provides an accurate and efficient technical method for the effective extraction of land use/cover information in the highly heterogeneous regions.     

Time series modeling and analysis of trends of daily averaged ionospheric total electron content

A 10.7 cm solar radio flux F10.7, geomagnetic planetary equivalent amplitude (Ap index), and period variations were considered in this paper to construct a linear model for daily averaged ionospheric total electron content (TEC). The correlation coefficient of the modeled results and International GNSS Service (IGS) observables was approximately 0.97, which implied that the model could accurately reflect the realistic variation characteristics of the daily averaged TEC. The influences of the different factors on TEC and its characteristics at different latitudes were examined with this model. Results show that solar activity, annual and semiannual cycles are the three most important factors that affect daily averaged TEC. Solar activity is the primary determinant of TEC during periods with high solar activity, whereas periodic factors primarily contribute to TEC during periods with minimum solar activity. The extent of the influences of the different factors on TEC exhibits obvious differences at varying latitudes. The magnitude of the semiannual variation becomes less significant with the increase in latitude. Furthermore, a geomagnetic storm causes an increase in TEC at low latitudes and a decrease at high latitudes.     

航材消耗的时间序列分析

本文采用时间序列分析法对某种航材故障率进行预测,用移动平均法消除时间序列的长期趋势和周期变动,然后按月平均法求出季节指数,并对季节指数进行调整,然后根据拟合的趋势方程对此种航材的故障率进行预测.其结果能为航材的可靠性保障提供理论依据.     

Forecasting space weather: Can new econometric methods improve accuracy?

Space weather forecasts are currently used in areas ranging from navigation and communication to electric power system operations. The relevant forecast horizons can range from as little as 24 h to several days. This paper analyzes the predictability of two major space weather measures using new time series methods, many of them derived from econometrics. The data sets are the A_p geomagnetic index and the solar radio flux at 10.7 cm. The methods tested include nonlinear regressions, neural networks, frequency domain algorithms, GARCH models (which utilize the residual variance), state transition models, and models that combine elements of several techniques. While combined models are complex, they can be programmed using modern statistical software. The data frequency is daily, and forecasting experiments are run over horizons ranging from 1 to 7 days. Two major conclusions stand out. First, the frequency domain method forecasts the A_p index more accurately than any time domain model, including both regressions and neural networks. This finding is very robust, and holds for all forecast horizons. Combining the frequency domain method with other techniques yields a further small improvement in accuracy. Second, the neural network forecasts the solar flux more accurately than any other method, although at short horizons (2 days or less) the regression and net yield similar results. The neural net does best when it includes measures of the long-term component in the data.     

Soybean cultivation for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs): The effect of hydroponic system and nitrogen source

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the plant species selected within the European Space Agency (ESA) Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) project for hydroponic cultivation in Biological Life Support Systems (BLSSs), because of the high nutritional value of seeds. Root symbiosis of soybean with Bradirhizobium japonicum contributes to plant nutrition in soil, providing ammonium through the bacterial fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two hydroponic systems, Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and cultivation on rockwool, and two nitrogen sources in the nutrient solution, nitrate (as Ca(NO₃)₂ and KNO₃) and urea (CO(NH₂)₂), on root symbiosis, plant growth and seeds production of soybean. Plants of cultivar ‘OT8914’, inoculated with B. japonicum strain BUS-2, were grown in a growth chamber, under controlled environmental conditions.