The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Deep Impact Mission Design

The Deep Impact mission is designed to provide the first opportunity to probe below the surface of a comet nucleus by a high-speed impact. This requires finding a suitable comet with launch and encounter conditions that allow a meaningful scientific experiment. The overall design requires the consideration of many factors ranging from environmental characteristics of the comet (nucleus size, dust levels, etc.), to launch dates fitting within the NASA Discovery program opportunities, to launch vehicle capability for a large impactor, to the observational conditions for the two approaching spacecraft and for telescopes on Earth.     

The History and Dynamics of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Since its discovery in 1867, periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been observed at 10 returns to perihelion, including all its returns since 1967. The observations for the seven apparitions beginning in 1967 have been fit with an orbit that includes only radial and transverse nongravitational accelerations that model the rocket-like thrusting introduced by the outgassing of the cometary nucleus. The successful nongravitational acceleration model did not assume any change in the comet’s ability to outgas from one apparition to the next and the outgassing was assumed to reach a maximum at perihelion. The success of this model over the 1967–2003 interval suggests that the comet’s spin axis is currently stable. Rough calculations suggest that the collision of the impactor released by the Deep Impact spacecraft will not provide a noticeable perturbation on the comet’s orbit nor will any new vent that is opened as a result of the impact provide a noticeable change in the comet’s nongravitational acceleration history. The observing geometries prior to, and during, the impact will allow extensive Earth based observations to complement the in situ observations from the impactor and flyby spacecraft.     

TiC/Al复合材料在锌液中均匀化机理分析

采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）法制备高TiC颗粒含量的TiC／Al复合材料。利用自制的实验装置研究复合材料中TiC颗粒在静止锌液中的均匀化过程。结果表明：当锌液温度低于铝的熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置于锌液后，锌向其内部扩散，引起复合材料表层内液相线温度降低，当表层内Al-Zn合金的液相线温度等于或低于锌液温度时，Al-Zn合金便处于熔融状态，TiC颗粒随其一起从TiC／Al复合材料块上脱落，并不断地向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中；而当锌液温度高于铝熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置入后，锌和铝同时进行扩散，但是当复合材料表面温度达到铝熔点时，铝开始熔化，铝的熔化导致TiC颗粒的脱落，脱落下来的TiC颗粒不断向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中。     

纳米力学探针的基本原理及其应用实例

介绍了一种新型的材料微区力学性能检测系统NanoIndenterII纳米显微力学探针。纳米显微力学探针是一个压入系统 ,其实验过程全部由计算机控制 ,压头的位移精度可达到 +/ - 0 .0 4nm ,因此可以研究材料的微区力学性能 ,它更适合于分析各种镀膜材料、离子注入材料、表面改性等材料的硬度分布及其弹性模量。它与显微硬度计的最大差别在于它能连续记录载荷 位移数据 ,通过载荷 位移数据计算材料微区的硬度和弹性模量 ,而不需要通过光学方法测定压痕面积 ,因此避免了测量和材料弹性恢复引入的误差。本文阐述了它的实验原理、硬度及弹性模量的计算方法并列举了它在材料科学中的应用     

聚苯胺/NiFe2 O4纳米晶体复合体系的电磁性能研究

分别使用原位掺杂的方法和溶胶-凝胶自燃烧的方法制备了聚苯胺微管以及纳米NiFe2O4晶体；并对聚苯胺微管以及聚苯胺／NiFe2O4和石蜡的复相粉体在8～12GHz频率范围进行了复介电常数和磁导率的测量。结果表明，聚苯胺微管在测试频率范围内为介电损耗材料，当纳米NiFe2O4晶体加入到聚苯胺和石蜡的混合体系时，聚苯胺／NiFe2O4和石蜡的复相粉体混合体系在测试频率范围内同时具有一定的介电损耗和磁损耗，并且其混合体系的微波吸收性能高于单独加入聚苯胺时的微波吸收性能。     

有1的结合环的交换性

本文证明了有１的结合环的两个交换性定理，推广了Ｇｉｒｉ．Ｒ．Ｄ等人在参考文献１中的结果。     

应用模拟退火算法求解飞机调度问题

通过分析飞机运行的时区集合特点,将飞机调度问题转化为固定工件排序问题。根据工件占用机器的时间区间,利用划分时间片算法把需要平行作业的工件挑选出来组成无向图的相邻顶点,从而将固定工件问题转化为图的k-顶点着色问题,然后建立0-1整数规划数学模型,并设计出相应的模拟退火算法。最后应用该算法针对飞机调度问题进行了仿真研究,结果表明:在可接受的时间内能够得到该问题的满意解。     

表面再结晶层对DZA定向凝固合金低周疲劳性能影响

针对DZ4定向凝固合金表面再结晶层对材料性能的影响进行了低周疲劳实验研究,并通过岛津SEM伺服疲劳试验机进行表面裂纹实时观察跟踪.研究结果表明,表面再结晶层的存在对材料性能明显产生负面作用,低周疲劳寿命大大降低.不同喷丸强度试件在相同的高温退火条件下形成的再结晶具有不同的再结晶形态,高喷丸强度再结晶更加完全,晶界清晰平直,晶粒有长大的趋势.表层再结晶形态也对疲劳寿命的降低程度以及疲劳微裂纹萌生寿命和裂纹密度有较大的影响.较高喷丸强度形成的再结晶层的试件疲劳寿命降低较少,表面微裂纹萌生较晚,裂纹密度也很低.低喷丸强度试件表面微裂纹大量萌生,密度非常高.再结晶层的晶界开裂是导致表面微裂纹大量萌生的根源,从而导致疲劳寿命大幅度降低.     

1/f波动数据的产生及其舒适感分析

为了获得使人感到舒适的自然风,提出了对风扇转速进行1/f控制的方案,详细论述了1/f波动数据的生成和对风扇电机电压的控制方法,并用单因素方差分析的方法将1/f波动控制产生的舒适感的效果与白噪和1/f 2波动控制方式的情况进行比较,证明了1/f波动控制方式对于提高人的舒适感的有效性.