Propagation errors analysis of TLE data

Orbit position uncertainty is an important factor for collision avoidance issues. For a single object with high frequency historical data, we can attain its position uncertainty easily. But sometimes data is not enough for errors analysis, orbits need to be classified. In this paper error analysis is made from two-line element sets data (TLEs). The Simplified General Perturbations-4 (SGP4) propagator was used. Statistical errors of debris and R/B are given for lower-altitude orbits which are classified by perigee altitude and eccentricity. The errors results and analysis for SSO (the Sun synchronous orbit) typical orbits are obtained. At last atmospheric drag as a main cause of downrange errors in lower-altitude orbit is analyzed. BSTAR in TLEs is modified to improve prediction precision.     

涡扇发动机排气系统斜切波瓣强迫混合器气动和混合特性数值研究(英文)

基于CFD技术,对波瓣尾缘斜切的波瓣喷管混合器在不同涵道比和斜切角度下的三维流场进行了数值研究.研究结果表明:斜切波瓣混合器减轻其自身重量的同时综合性能略有提高.波瓣尾缘斜切使流向涡产生位置提前,并且流向涡强度在各个涵道比下均高于常规波瓣混合器,平均在25%以上;斜切波瓣混合器较常规波瓣混合器的混合效率提高了2.45%,且随斜切角度和涵道比的增加而增大,混合管出口流体温度沿径向更平坦.在本文的内涵道比和斜切角度变化范围内,总压恢复系数高达0.935以上,而斜切对总压恢复系数的影响极其微弱,在±0.1%范围内.     

An inversion approach for lunar regolith layer thickness using optical albedo data and microwave emission simulation

An approach to inversion of the lunar regolith layer thickness by using multi-channel brightness temperature observation in passive microwave remote sensing is developed. To first make simulation of brightness temperature from the lunar layered media, the lunar regolith layer thickness (d) is proposed being constructed by available lunar DEM (digital elevation mapping) and on site measurements. The physical temperature distribution (T) over the lunar surface is also empirically assumed as a monotonic function of the latitude. Optical albedo of the lunar nearside from the telescopic observation is employed to construct the spatial distribution of the FeO+TiO₂ content (S) in the lunar regolith layer. A statistic relationship between the DEM and S of the lunar nearside is further extended to construction of S of the lunar farside. Thus, the dielectric permittivity (ε) of global lunar regolith layer can then be determined. Based on all these conditions (d,T,ε), brightness temperature of the lunar regolith layer in passive microwave remote sensing, which is planned for China's Chang-E lunar project, is numerically simulated by a parallel layering model using the strong fluctuation theory of random media.Then, taking these simulations with random noise as observations, an inversion method of the lunar regolith layer thickness is developed by using three- or two-channels brightness temperatures. When the S is low, and the four channels brightness temperatures in China's Chang-E project are well distinguishable, the regolith layer thickness and physical temperature of the underlying lunar rock media can be inverted by the three-channels approach. When the S becomes high that the brightness temperature at high frequency channels such as 19.35, 37 GHz are saturated, the regolith layer thickness is alternatively inverted only by the two-channels approach.Numerical simulation and inversion approach in this paper make an evaluation of the performance for lunar passive microwave remote sensing, and for future data calibration and validation.     

2A12-T4铝合金零件去应力处理工艺研究

针对2A12-T4铝合金薄板类零件在加工过程中,采用110℃保温6小时去应力处理后,对材料硬度略有升高的现象进行了不同参数的工艺试验,试验结果表明在240℃～260℃范围内加热4～6小时的去应力处理,既可降低材料硬度HRB4～7,又能满足设计要求的强度指标,对降低零件机械加工切削力、减小零件残余应力是十分有利的。     

ECAP变形2J4合金回火后的磁性能研究

研究了磁性材料2J4合金经等径弯曲通道变形(Equal Channel Angular Pressing,简称ECAP)和不同温度回火后的磁性能,并与冷轧变形合金的磁性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,2J4合金随着ECAP变形道次的增加,磁导率增加,4道次ECAP变形的饱和磁感应强度最高.另外,2J4合金的磁性能对回火温度的变化非常敏感,呈波浪式变化.4道次ECAP变形2J4合金沿挤压面(S面)进行85%冷轧变形,在610℃回火后获得的磁性能最好,矫顽力达到3.8364 kA/m.ECAP变形2J4合金沿挤压面的磁性能远优于传统冷轧合金.试验结果证实了采用ECAP变形方式制备高性能磁性材料是可行的.     

某型燃机喷嘴的实验研究

研究了某型燃机喷嘴Ⅰ路供油、Ⅰ路与Ⅱ路共同供油和Ⅰ路供油与Ⅱ路供气的雾化特性.得到以下结论:Ⅰ路供油量基本满足工作要求,锥角误差大约为14.7%,锥角变化相对较大;Ⅰ路与Ⅱ路共同供油锥角满足要求,而供油量相对变化较大,流量误差为12.2%;在Ⅰ路供油与Ⅱ路供气中,Ⅱ路供气压力从0.1MPa上升到0.4MPa时,燃油雾化锥角由70度减小到40度.这对燃机喷嘴的研究和应用有一定意义.     

Monte Carlo calibration of the response of the University of Chicago’s Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment (CRNE) on IMP-8 to electrons above 0.5 MeV

Modern instrument-simulation techniques offer the possibility of increasing the scientific yield from archival space datasets. In this paper, we report on a simulation of the electron response of the University of Chicago’s Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment (CRNE) instrument on the IMP-8 satellite. IMP-8/CRNE returned data from 1973 to 2006. The CRNE particle telescope was designed to measure the isotopic composition of Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) nuclei and has also been used in many studies of protons and ions above 10 MeV/nucleon from solar energetic particle (SEP) events. But CRNE also functions as a highly-capable detector for solar electrons above 0.5 MeV, an energy range that has not been extensively studied. Utilization of the CRNE electron data has heretofore been limited by the fact that CRNE was never calibrated for electrons. We have therefore used the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation package to model the CRNE response to electrons and (separately) protons for multiple energies and incident angles. The results were used to compute the energy- and angle-dependence of the effective area and the energy-dependence of the geometric factor. The response to protons, which was already well understood, was used to verify the mass model, the simulation settings, and the post-processing software. Our simulation of the IMP-8/CRNE electron response now allows analysis of hundreds of relativistic solar electron events observed by CRNE over the years, including studies of evolution of electron energy spectra with high time resolution. We show examples of these results and briefly discuss potential applications to future scientific investigations.     

ECAP变形2J4合金的显微组织演变

借助光学显微镜和透射电镜对2J4合金等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)组织进行了研究.结果表明,常温下2J4合金ECAP变形的最大累积真应变达到3.0,相当于压下量达到90%.ECAP变形1道次后,晶粒由30μm转变为具有一定方向性、相互平行的宽约0.35μm、长约为2.5μm的马氏体板条组织.随着变形道次增加,马氏体进一步细化,且出现晶粒从大板条向小的板条及等轴晶转化的趋势.另外,α相转变量随着变形量的增大而增加.     

同轴送粉喷嘴保护气体流场研究

为解决飞机结构损伤激光在线修复过程中同轴送粉喷嘴气体保护效果不佳的问题,利用粒子图像测速(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)和Fluent软件对喷嘴保护气体流场进行了研究。将喷嘴气流的同轴射流和同轴冲击射流的数值计算结果和实验测量结果进行了比较,分析了喷嘴气流速度变化对流场稳定性的影响。结果表明:喷嘴中心、内环和外环气流流速由内向外递减时可获得稳定的流场;喷嘴中心、内环、外环喷出的气流速度接近一致时,流场比较稳定;喷嘴中心气流速度小于内环和外环的气流速度时,工件表面出现漩涡,破坏了流场的稳定性。     

收敛-扩张喷管中运用次流推力矢量控制技术的计算研究

采用二阶1TVD格式的有限体积法耦合RNGκ-ε湍流模型和非平衡壁面函数求解二维守恒型雷诺平均N-S方程,数值模拟了运用次流椎力矢量控制技术的二维收敛-扩张喷管中的流动现象。计算结果表明,随着喷管压比的增加,次流喷射所产生的激波向扩张段下游移动,且喷管矢量角不断减小到一固定值;次流压比的增加将导致激波向扩张段上游移动,且喷管矢量角不断增加;次流压比对激波和矢量角的影响比喷管压比更强。