Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

基于损伤型本构高过载下装药强度数值仿真方法研究

为了准确反映改性双基推进剂装药在高过载发射条件下的破坏情况,采用基于含累积损伤的非线性粘弹性本构模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件二次开发的UMAT子程序,对某型火箭弹在过载发射情况下的装药进行了数值研究,分析了装药在高过载条件下的变形行为和力学特性。结果显示,在最大加速度为1.39×104g的高过载下,最大应力发生在装药底部内孔处;装药径向尺寸变化很小,可以忽略发动机壳体对装药外表面的约束而将其视为自由表面。比较了最大应力强度准则和累积损伤准则对装药在加速度冲击和压强端面冲击载荷下破坏的判断,两种判据的结果都表明,装药在高过载冲击载荷下没有被破坏。     

基于试验的电动舵机模型辨识

目前电动舵机模型的建立基本上是基于理论的数学推导,所建立的舵机模型与实际舵机模型存在一定的误差。针对此问题,提出一种基于试验实测数据建立舵机模型的方法,搭建自动数据采集试验平台,采用组合窗法对实测数据进行频域转换,得到舵机的频率响应函数并采用非线性最小二乘法辨识舵机模型。对辨识得到的数学仿真结果与实际舵机响应比较,在频域,整个频段内幅频特性最大绝对误差1.9 dB;在时域,仿真模型跟踪实际舵机角度的最大误差1.5°,延迟时间10 ms。结果表明,基于试验数据建立的舵机仿真模型能很好地模拟实际舵机。     

倒立摆系统的建模与积分滑模控制

在研究了倒立摆系统动力学模型的基础上,提出了一种积分滑模变结构的控制方法。通过设计积分性质的非线性滑模面,可以减少系统静差,提高控制精度,系统鲁棒性能获得了很好的保存。仿真证明,该方法能够在较短时间内实现系统的稳定,提高系统的控制精度,使倒立摆系统具有更高的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

线性世界与非线性世界的对话

世界是非线性的，但是，人类对它的认识却是从简单的线性开始的。早在公元前500年左右，古希腊的毕达哥拉斯学派就发现了自然数是按照均匀的线性关系增加的。到了18世纪，法国大数学家拉普拉斯首先认识到，自然界也许不是一个简单的线性世界。他曾说，如果世界是线性的，则一旦初始条件确定，则世界就按简单、均匀的规则发展，那么，这个世界也未免太简单、太单调了。     

基于起落架参数设计的某直升机地面共振及参数影响分析

建立了某直升机地面共振分析力学模型,计算了起落架在桨毂中心处的等效刚度和阻尼,针对某直升机进行了地面共振分析,同时分析了摆振铰外伸量、质量静距、桨毂中心有效刚度等对地面共振的影响,为避免地面共振及参数改进提供依据。     

非线性气动模型结构识别

基于最小模型误差最佳估计的一种鲁棒的非线性识别方法用于识别非线性气动模型结构。数据是从具有标准的线性模型加上非线性俯性俯抑力矩导致的麦道Ｆ－４Ｃ型飞机纵向飞行数字模拟得到的。     

跨声速风洞斜孔壁非线性流动试验

为分析跨声速风洞斜孔壁近壁区域的流动特性，评估气流偏角-压力系数的非线性关联，在0.6 m跨超声速风洞中开展了基于七孔探针的流动特性测量试验。通过气流偏角和压力系数分布分析了斜孔壁流动的差阻特性，以及马赫数、模型升力对斜孔壁流动的影响，最后基于试验结果发展了计算斜孔壁特性参数的微分法，并与经验方法结果进行对比。结果表明，斜孔壁流动呈现出明显的差阻性和非线性，在负压差范围内，近壁流动仍以出流为主；高亚声速时，空风洞模型区孔壁流动特性趋于实壁；安装模型后，随着升力的增大，升力面对应的孔壁区域流动向入流发展，孔壁流动特性趋于开口边界。     

“迁移规律”在线性代数教学中的运用

探讨了迁移规律在线性代数教学中的应用，具体给出了在讲授线性相关性概念时，如何创造正迁移条件，实现正迁移。同时，也讨论了负迁移对矩阵运算的干扰。