基于模糊故障树和因子化分析的重复使用火箭发动机失效模式

为确定发动机薄弱环节,指导重复使用火箭发动机可靠性设计,以航天飞机主发动机为研究对象,通过模糊故障树分析法和因子化分析法对发动机主要组件的关键失效模式进行研究.结果表明:模糊故障树分析法给出关键重要度最高的底事件为由剥落、凹坑、磨损和腐蚀致高压氧化剂涡轮泵的轴承失效;因子化分析法通过考虑风险、时间和概率3种因素综合评估出发动机系统中的综合因子最高的失效模式为涡轮叶片失效.      

取样密度对燃烧室试验测量结果的影响

在航空发动机和燃气轮机燃烧室部件试验中,取样密度会对燃烧室出口温度测量结果产生影响,如果取样密度过小,会造成燃烧室出口温度测量值与"实际值"之间偏离度过大。基于此,对3种燃烧室的试验数据进行了分析。同时将试验采集到的"高取样密度"的原始数据沿圆周方向进行均匀"拆分","拆分后"得到不同密度的"低取样密度"数据,将该数据与原始"高取样密度"试验数据的分析结果进行了对比,得出了取样密度与测量偏离度之间的关系,并给出了满足工程研制需要的取样密度。     

主流湍流度对涡轮导向叶片气膜冷却特性影响的实验

采用基于窄带热色液晶的瞬态全表面传热测量技术,研究了主流湍流度对涡轮导向叶片吸力面圆柱形孔排气膜冷却特性的影响规律.结果表明:在实验工况范围内,主流湍流度从0.59%提高至6.85%,可以在气膜出流的上游区域促进气膜贴向壁面并扩大展向覆盖面积,从而改善气膜覆盖效果,但是在主流湍流度较大的工况下,气膜覆盖效果迅速变差;在气膜出流的下游区域,主流湍流度的提高使得气膜冷却效率逐渐降低;主流湍流度的增大,增强了无气膜冷却光滑叶片表面的对流换热;在气膜冷却条件下,气膜出流对叶片表面对流换热的增强效果随着主流湍流度的增大呈现出明显的区域性特点:表面传热系数比在上游区域是先增强后减弱;中游区域是逐渐减弱;下游区域则是逐渐增强.     

Two-stage open-loop velocity compensating method applied to multi-mass elastic transmission system

In this paper, a novel vibration-suppression open-loop control method for multi-mass system is proposed, which uses two-stage velocity compensating algorithm and fuzzy I ＋ P control- ler. This compensating method is based on model-based control theory in order to provide a damp- ing effect on the system mechanical part. The mathematical model of multi-mass system is built and reduced to estimate the velocities of masses. The velocity difference between adjacent masses is cal- culated dynamically. A 3-mass system is regarded as the composition of two 2-mass systems in order to realize the two-stage compensating algorithm. Instead of using a typical PI controller in the velocity compensating loop, a fuzzy I ＋ P controller is designed and its input variables are decided according to their impact on the system, which is different from the conventional fuzzy PID controller designing rules. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed veloc- ity compensating method is effective in suppressing vibration on a 3-mass system and it has a better performance when the designed fuzzy I ＋ P controller is utilized in the control system.     

A fuzzy PID-controlled SMA actuator for a two-DOF joint

Shape memory alloy(SMA) actuator is a potential advanced component for servosystems of aerospace vehicles and aircraft. This paper presents a joint with two degrees of freedom(DOF) and a mobility range close to ±60 when driven by SMA triple wires. The fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative(PID)-controlled actuator drive was designed using antagonistic SMA triple wires, and the resistance feedback signal made a closed loop. Experiments showed that, with the driving responding frequency increasing, the overstress became harder to be avoided at the position under the maximum friction force. Furthermore, the hysteresis gap between the heating and cooling paths of the strain-to-resistance curve expanded under this condition. A fuzzy logic control was considered as a solution, and the curves of the wires were then modeled by fitting polynomials so that the measured resistance was used directly to determine the control signal. Accurate control was demonstrated through the step response, and the experimental results showed that under the fuzzy PID-control program, the mean absolute error(MAE) of the rotation angle was about 3.147. In addition, the investigation of the external interference to the system proved the controllable maximum output.     

惯导平台关键结构压力适应性仿真分析

为提高高精度惯导平台的环境适应性,需要平台壳体结构在压差较大的环境中保证较好的刚强度与稳定性,从而保证系统正常工作.本文首先依据实物模型建立了平台壳体关键件的有限元模型,较好的保证了结构的各类功能性结构特征;其次,仿真分析了结构在压差环境下的刚度强度特性;再次,对薄壁拱形结构稳定性进行仿真分析;最后,结合仿真数据,针对部分结构提出优化设计建议以进一步提高系统的压力适应性.     

气体流量现场校准过程中常见问题探讨

以音速喷嘴气体质量流量现场校准方法为例,针对影响气体流量现场校准准确度的常见问题———＂气源波动度大＂及＂气体湿度修正＂,分别进行了分析并给出了相应的解决方案。     

砝码折算质量测量不确定度计算的几点思考

在JJG 99-2006《砝码》检定规程里,附录C是折算质量测量的不确定度计算,通过学习并结合工作经验,对其中的几项不确定度给出说明和解释。     

基于模糊综合评价与灰色关联分析法的多工艺方案评价

为了使企业能够选择最佳的工艺方案指导实际生产,提出了基于模糊综合评价与灰色关联分析法的多工艺方案评价方法.该方法将模糊综合评价与灰色关联分析法融合在一起建立多工艺方案评价方法.在工艺方案优选结构图中通过对影响工艺方案质量的多种影响因素进行层次化分析,建立各影响因素的层次化模型;在数据标准化阶段,采用隶属度进行数据标准化操作;在计算权重时,在权重误差平方和最小的条件下采用主客观权重相结合的权重计算方法来代替传统灰色关联分析中的均值权重方法;最后通过关联系数和组合权重确定工艺方案的排序.以某航空发动机叶片零件来建立实例,结果表明:该方法具有良好的实用效果,满足多工艺方案优选的实际要求.      

LEO移动通信星座的网络综合连通度研究

 为了研究通信星座服务区域内不同地面用户之间的通信连通情况,提出了网络综合连通度(DCNC)的概念.作为服务可用性(AoS)的重要内容,网络综合连通度应该成为通信系统的一项重要性能评价指标,对系统的顶层设计起到主导作用.首先给出了星座网络综合连通度的相关定义,在此基础上基于星间链路约束和星座覆盖约束建立了LEO移动通信星座的网络综合连通度的评价模型.然后基于该模型,分别改变轨道高度和轨道倾角,就不同星座的网络综合连通度如何变化进行了仿真计算和分析.结果表明,二者都对星座的网络综合连通度有显著影响,适当减少轨道面数有利于改善网络综合连通度.最后研究了星座缺失卫星时不连通地面点的纬度分布情况,研究结论有助于在概念设计阶段对星座构型优化后的参数进行优选.