Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

超声速混合层在强迫振动下流场结构的实验研究

通过可控振动系统激励双喷管后的薄平板,采用基于纳米粒子的平面激光散射技术(NPLS)观测超声速混合层流场结构。控制薄平板的频率和振幅,结合边缘检测技术研究了超声速混合层大尺度结构的发展和演化规律。实验结果表明:强迫振动对超声速混合层流场结构以及混合效率有重要的影响。与无振动相比,强迫振动增强了混合层的三维特性,混合层的失稳位置提前;同时,强迫振动促进了上下两层流动的掺混,高频振动下混合层增长速度提高约50%,有效增强了混合。     

背压脉动引起的超声速进气道流固耦合振动分析

冲压发动机燃烧室压力脉动对进气道形成背压脉动,影响了进气道内流动的稳定性。采用数值仿真方法,研究了背压脉动作用下超声速进气道内非定常流动与局部弹性壁板的流固耦合振动问题,分析了壁板阻尼对进气道流固耦合振动问题的影响。结果表明,弹性壁板振动形成了"动态空腔"效应,大幅降低了激波串振荡幅值,增加了非定常流动稳定性。其中,无阻尼弹性壁板模型的激波串振荡幅值下降为刚性壁板模型结果的45.6%。通过增加壁板阻尼的方式,能够增强壁板振动的"动态空腔"效应。当刚度比例阻尼系数为10~(-4)时,激波串振荡幅值降为刚性壁板模型结果的43.7%。     

转子振动对直通式迷宫密封性能的影响

为了研究振动转子与迷宫密封之间的相互作用及影响,针对迷宫密封内转子振动效应对密封流场、泄漏特性以及转子受力等方面的问题进行了分析。通过建立迷宫密封-转子动力学模型,对密封所对应的转子在三组转速条件下进行转子动力学计算,得出相应转速下对应的振动频率及振动振幅;将计算求得的振动振幅及频率作为边界条件对密封流场进行非定常流场计算,得出不同工况下的密封流场计算结果。通过对迷宫密封间隙内流场以及转子所受气体力的分析,表明转子的振动现象可使迷宫密封的泄漏量增幅达约4.5%;同时流场的变化会对转子产生额外的气体作用力,该气体力将对转子的振动趋势产生影响。     

中介机匣典型故障排除及深度修理

航空发动机中介机匣组件因各种故障而需修理或导致报废的现象时有发生。针对发动机中介机匣分流环裂纹掉块、上部衬套磨损松动、弹性环磨损、同心度检测不合格等故障进行分析研究,提出解决措施,制定满足发动机使用要求的合理技术标准和修理方法。在修理技术方法中,采用挖补补焊方法解决分流环裂纹掉块故障;采用极坐标定位与专用模板衬套相结合的方法提高新品衬套加工精度以解决上部衬套更换新品后装配准确性难题;采用装配过盈销钉和扩口工艺以保证零件的堵孔质量等。结果表明:这些修理措施提高了中介机匣零部件的利用率,延长了其使用寿命,降低了发动机修理成本。     

MSMA振动发电机的建模与仿真

振动发电就是利用电磁感应、压电技术、智能材料等将外部的机械振动能量通过一定装置转换成电能,实现机械振动能量和电能的转换.在分析磁控形状记忆合金（Magnetic Shape MemoryAlloy,简称MSMA）振动发电原理的基础上,利用MSMA智能材料的维拉利效应对振动能量进行收集,建立了MSMA振动发电机的数学模型,求出振动发电机感应电动势与压应力及外加磁场的数学关系.分析了振动应力幅值、频率的响应特性,仿真结果验证了MSMA振动发电的可行性.     

MEMS惯性测量单元减振系统仿真分析

MEMS惯性测量单元使用MEMS仪表作为角速度和加速度传感器,该传感器对振动和冲击敏感,会引起惯性测量单元的测量误差.MEMS惯性测量单元多用于飞机、炸弹、导弹等振动环境恶劣的地方,因此减振器的设计尤为重要.减振器设计首先要明确惯性测量单元所处的振动环境,其次要明确MEMS惯性测量单元敏感的频点,最后明确惯性测量单元的质量、安装形式.设计了一种用于MEMS惯性测量单元的减振器,减振效率达75％,对振动和冲击均起到衰减的作用,衰减频带展宽,且在峰值的放大倍数低于3.5.     

La2Zr2O7弹性常数及最低热导率的第一性原理计算

采用基于第一性原理的赝势平面波法计算了新型热障涂层陶瓷材料La2Zr2O7的弹性常数和热力学性质。计算结果表明:优化后的La2Zr2O7的晶格常数为1.0934 nm,当O(48f)的位置参数为0.329时其晶胞总能量最低;由计算得到的三个弹性刚度张量C11,C12,C44、体弹性模量B和剪切模量G可知La2Zr2O7的结构非常稳定;La2Zr2O7的杨氏模量E=201.50GPa,泊松比为0.274,同性系数为0.733,具有一定的脆性;计算得到的La2Zr2O7德拜温度为619.4K,等容比热为274.3J.mol-1.K-1,最低热导率为1.31W.m-1.K-1,与利用激光脉冲法在1473K测得的热导率1.55 W.m-1.K-1相比,相差15.48%。     

某型飞机尾喷管开裂原因分析

尾喷管作为飞机发动机的重要组成部件之一,主要由薄板焊接而成。由于其长期在高温、振动以及气流冲刷等恶劣环境中工作,常出现尾喷管失效事故,而焊缝作为尾喷管中的薄弱部分,常出现开裂现象。某型飞机尾喷管在飞行完成后的例行检查中在焊缝上以及焊缝周边检查发现两处裂纹。通过宏观检验、断裂面形貌分析以及金相组织分析等方法对其开裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于结构设计原因,尾喷管上同一位置存在多次焊接现象,为多密集焊缝结构件,使得焊接接头过热,焊缝组织中铁素体呈现网状分布,同时尾喷管母材上存在焊接烧穿现象,导致焊接接头力学性能下降,使得疲劳裂纹萌生并扩展;支撑螺杆与加强筋未焊满,收弧处为点连接而非面连接,在飞行过程中,该位置发生振动应力集中并萌生疲劳裂纹,并最终发生疲劳失效。