30CrMnSiNi2A钢强韧化热处理的研究

 用正交试验法研究了等温温度、等温时间、奥氏体化温度和原始组织状态对30CrMnSiNi2A钢组织和性能的影响,提出了可保证该钢在上、中、下限碳量时各项性能均达到技术要求的热处理工艺。对新工艺显著改善钢强韧性的原因作了分析,研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢在250～280℃温度范围等温淬火后K_(IC)值出现低谷的现象,并认为在该热处理条件下在马氏体与贝氏体交接面处有大量孪晶马氏体存在以及组织中有许多平行排列的细长等温马氏体板条束出现,是造成K_(IC)值降低的主要原因。     

一种三维并行自适应计算方法

基于串行网格划分软件METIS与并行化消息传递编程接口（ MPICH2）对现有串行自适应程序进行简单的并行化改造,给出了一种三维可压缩无粘流数值模拟的并行自适应方法。首先利用单个进程调用METIS,串行划分网格;然后对所有进程并行计算以获得初始网格下的流场解;再次利用单个进程对整个流场运用自适应方法进行局部网格加密并调用METIS串行划分网格;最后全部进程在流场初始解的基础上继续并行计算,以获得自适应网格下的流场解。数值模拟算例验证了此方法的可靠性与高效性。     

Cf / E-TiO2 复合材料的制备与性能

采用复合分散工艺将纳米TiO_2均匀分散于环氧树脂中,制备了环氧-纳米TiO_2树脂浇铸体,并采用湿法缠绕工艺制备了T700碳纤维增强环氧复合材料(C_f/E)以及T700碳纤维增强环氧-纳米TiO_2(C_f/ETiO_2)复合材料NOL环与Φ150 mm容器,研究了纳米TiO_2对环氧树脂浇铸体、复合材料NOL环和Φ150 mm容器性能的影响。结果表明,纳米TiO_2的加入对环氧基体和C_f/E复合材料均有不同程度的增强、增韧效果,其中环氧基体的拉伸强度提高了9.2%,弯曲强度提高了9.8%,冲击强度提高了52.9%;C_f/E-TiO_2复合材料NOL环层剪强度达到87.7 MPa,提高了22.3%;Φ150 mm容器特性系数达到43.4 km,纤维强度发挥率达到94.3%,分别提高了9.9%和3.3%。     

人体代谢耗氧模拟方法研究

利用沸石分子筛对氧气和氮气选择性吸附的特性,提出了分子筛吸附-解吸模拟密封舱内人体消耗氧气的方法,研制了能够模拟5人耗氧量的试验装置,并对装置的富氧气体氧浓度、密封舱内气体成分吸附情况、耗氧模拟精度及补氮气功能等进行了测试和分析,经环控生保系统集成性能试验的使用考核,装置出口富氧气体氧浓度可达93%以上,耗氧模拟精度优于5%,基本不消耗密封舱内的其它气体成分,能够较好地模拟人体对氧气的消耗。结果表明:分子筛耗氧模拟方法精度高,对密封舱内气体成分影响小,装置工作稳定性好,适用于长期载人航天任务中密封舱环境参数控制能力的研究。     

Ti2AlNb合金双层辉光等离子表面渗钼的扩散行为研究

Ti2AlNb合金(O相)具有高的比强度、断裂韧性以及优良的抗蠕变性能,因而在航空制造中成为一种颇具吸引力的高温结构材料.但是,较差的耐磨性是其主要的缺陷并限制其实际应用.为解决这一问题,对Ti2AlNb合金进行双层辉光等离子表面渗Mo.探讨主要工艺参数对Mo的扩散行为的影响.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和辉光放电光谱仪(GDS)分析表面合金化层的成分分布和微观结构.测定从表面到中心的显微硬度变化曲线.结果表明温度与时间均对扩散过程具有显著的影响.最后通过回归分析计算出在优化的工艺温度980℃下的扩散系数.     

Preparation and Microstructure of Cu/Ti_3SiC_2 Nanocomposite

Mixed micron-sized Cu/Ti3SiC2 (vol5%) powder was mechanically milled using agate balls and zirconia balls separately. Then followed an examination of it with the FEI-SEM. The experimental results show that, distributed homogenously in Cu matrix, the Ti3SiC2 particles have a size of about 30-50 nm after milled with agate balls for 8 h, while it remains approximately unchanged after milled with zirconia balls. The microstructure of the mixture at different ball-milling stages was also studied. Bulks of Cu/Ti3SiC2 nano-composite were fabricated by hot pressing nano-sized Cu/Ti3SiC2 powder at the temperature of 1 073 K under 100 MPa. Then came an investigation of the effects of the particle size and agglomerate state of Ti3SiC2 as well as the microstructure of Cu/Ti3SiC2 nano-composite. It was found that the nano-sized Ti3SiC2 particles distribute evenly in copper.     

Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl^- ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl^- ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples passivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those passivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti：Ni = 9.01：1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

Hf和Zr在高温材料中作用机理研究

在高温合金中,元素Hf和Zr可以促进γ γ′共晶、MC(2)碳化物、M2SC碳硫化物和Ni5M相的形成,改变草书状MC和M3B2成为块状并且通过净化晶界或枝晶间自由态的S来提高这些薄弱部位的结合强度,从而延迟裂纹的形成和扩展.Hf和Zr可提高铸造高温合金室温拉伸和中温持久的强度和塑性.Hf,Zr抑制次生碳化物M23C6和M6C的生成,从而提高了合金在高温长时热暴露时的显微组织稳定性.Hf,Zr降低合金的初熔温度,Ni5Hf和Ni5Zr相的初熔被认为是Hf,Zr影响初熔的主要原因.通过1150℃/8h的预处理,Ni5Hf以Ni5Hf γ(C)→MC(2) γ反应或者固溶两种方式被消除.元素Hf可以缩小枝晶间失去毛细管补缩能力和固相线之间的温度范围,还能降低枝晶间液池沟通所需的液体量.在凝固后期枝晶间的富Hf熔体具有很好的流动性、浸润性和趋肤效应,这些都是降低合金热裂倾向、提高合金可铸性和焊接性能的有利因素.具有高的化学活性的富Hf液膜容易在铸件表面形成Hf2O薄层.Hf和Zr是钎焊用中间层合金的降熔点元素.根据凝固过程中富Hf,Zr熔体的成分最终发展出Ni-18.6Co-4.5Cr-4.7W-25.6Hf和Ni-10Co-8Cr-4W-13Zr两种中间层合金,使单晶高温合金的无Si、B连接成为现实.还发展出了定向凝固片状Ni3Al/Ni7Hf2共晶合金,成分为Ni-5.8Al-32Hf和Ni-4Al-26Hf-8Cr-4W.Ni-5.8Al-32Hf合金的最佳凝固条件为温度梯度G=250℃·cm-1和凝固生长速率R=5μm·s-1;Ni-4Al-26Hf-8Cr-4W,凝固条件为G=350℃·cm-1和R=1μm·s-1.     

超硬不锈钢9Cr13Ni6Co5Be回火组织与硬度研究

研究超硬不锈钢9Cr13Ni6Co5Be回火组织特征和性能特点.结果表明,9Cr13Ni6Co5Be钢在470℃回火析出金属间化合物Be2Fe,导致材料在室温具有高于HRC66的硬度.分析强化相析出规律,确定Be2Fe与马氏体基体的位向关系为((-1)10)M//((-2)10)Be2Fe,[112]M//[241]Be2Fe.该钢具有良好的高温硬度,300℃硬度HRC＞64,500℃硬度HRC＞58.     

新型TMC-2复合材料叶片小余量锻造工艺研究

研究了新型TMC-2复合材料的叶片小余量锻造工艺。结果表明,采用小余量锻造工艺研制的叶片锻件组织均匀,金属变形流线分布合理,因而,叶片的疲劳性能和抗腐蚀能力得到提高,同时,使用寿命得以延长。采用TMC-2复合材料研制的小余量叶片,在高温下具有优良的蠕变和热稳定性能。