Equatorial anomaly according to the Interkosmos-19 data and IRI model: A comparison

The comparison of the IRI model with the foF2 distribution in the equatorial anomaly region obtained by topside sounding onboard the Interkosmos-19 satellite has been carried out. The global distribution of foF2 in terms of LT-maps was constructed by averaging Intercosmos-19 data for summer, winter, and equinox. These maps, in fact, represent an empirical model of the equatorial anomaly for high solar activity F10.7 ~ 200. The comparison is carried out for the latitudinal foF2 profiles in the characteristic longitudinal sectors of 30, 90, 210, 270, and 330°, as well as for the longitudinal variations in foF2 over the equator. The largest difference between the models (up to 60%) for any season was found in the Pacific longitudinal sector of 210°, where there are a few ground-based sounding stations. Considerable discrepancies, however, are sometimes observed in the longitudinal sectors, where there are many ground-based stations, for example, in the European or Indian sector. The discrepancies reach their maximum at 00 LT, since a decay of the equatorial anomaly begins before midnight in the IRI model and after midnight according to the Interkosmos-19 data. The discrepancies are also large in the morning at 06 LT, since in the IRI model, the foF2 growth begins long before sunrise. In the longitudinal variations in foF2 over the equator at noon, according to the satellite data, four harmonics are distinguished in the June solstice and at the equinox, and three harmonics in the December solstice, while in the IRI model only two and one harmonics respectively are revealed. In diurnal variations in foF2 and, accordingly, in the equatorial anomaly intensity, the IRI model does not adequately reproduce even the main, evening extremum.     

Spacecraft formation flying control around L2 sun-earth libration point using on–off SDRE approach

In this paper, on–off SDRE control approach is presented for spacecraft formation flying control around sun-earth L2 libration point. Orbits around libration points are significant targets for many space missions mainly because of efficient fuel consumption. Furthermore, less propellant usage can be achieved by considering optimal control approaches in spacecraft formation flying control design. Among various nonlinear and optimal control methods, SDRE has shown to be a popular controller in various missions due to the privileges including efficiency, accuracy and robustness. The spacecraft are assumed to have on–off thrusters as actuators. It requires them to be fed with a sequence of on–off pulses which is regarded as a challenge for spacecraft designers. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is designing an on–off SDRE approach for the formation flight around sun-earth L2 point with uncertainty with energy and accuracy considerations. Including on–off input as a constraint is not feasible for SDRE implementation because it makes the system non-affine. An alternative is utilizing an integral action technique and an auxiliary control to make the system affine which leads to on–off SDRE approach. It has also been shown that the proposed method is robust against parametric uncertainties of the states. Present study aims to design an energy-beneficial, simple and attractive controller for a complex nonlinear system with on–off inputs and uncertainty in CRTBP. Simulation results show that the on–off SDRE control could provide the formation flight around L2 point with high accuracy using less energy consumption.     

关于计算机2000年问题的探讨

计算机２０００年问题已引起人们的普遍关注,必须在进入２０００年前予以妥善解决。对其可采用修改应用程序、更换系统软件、更换硬件设备等多种办法进行处理。在应用程序的修改中采用变形的日期移位法是对大多数办公系统容易实现且又行之有效的办法。     

日食对低纬地区f0F2和ICF的影响

研究了１９９５年１０月２４日日食过程中,我国低纬地区广州和海口的Ｆ２层临界频率ｆ０Ｆ２的高干扰重心频率ＩＣＦ变化过程,鉴于多次日 处低纬的两地ｆ０Ｆ２的日食变化形态不完全一样,以及多次日食期间同一地方ｆ０Ｆ２变化形态不完全一样,ＩＣＦ也并不像预想的那样降低,因而对于低纬电离层,动力学过程可能要比直接与太阳辐射有关的光化学过程起更为重要的作用。     

阳极氧化TiO2膜对甲基橙溶液的光催化性能研究

本试验利用阳极氧化的方法在纯钛基体上直接获得锐钛相T iO2多孔膜,解决T iO2光催化剂的涂敷固定问题。用场发射扫描电镜(F ie ld em iss ion scann ing e lectron m icroscope,FESEM)和X射线衍射仪(X-ray d iffractionm eter,XRD)对纯钛表面生成的T iO2多孔膜的形貌和晶体结构进行分析。以10m g/L甲基橙溶液为降解物进行光催化试验,分别研究了阳极氧化电压、溶液的初始pH值、T iO2膜的面积、T iO2膜的使用次数对降解率的影响。试验结果表明,当溶液初始pH值为1时,140V阳极氧化所得T iO2膜的光催化性能最好,同时随着T iO2膜使用次数的增加,但其光催化效果有所下降。     

从日地系统L2出发借力月球飞越近地小行星

对于停留在日地系统L2的“嫦娥2号”探测器,其后续飞行方案有多个选项,例如主动撞月或重返月球轨道、返回地球轨道或再入大气、飞往地月系统L1/L2或日地系统L1、进入深空飞越近地小行星(最终,“嫦娥2号”于2012年12月13日成功地实现了对Toutatis小行星的近距离飞越)。探讨上述的飞行方案需要对飞行轨道进行初步设计,总的速度脉冲限制在100 m/s以内并且需要考虑探测器同时受到太阳、地球、月球的引力作用。本研究设计了探测器从日地系统L2出发借力月球实现Toutatis小行星飞越的飞行方案,与直接飞越方案相比,借力月球可以进一步节省探测器的燃料消耗,其等效速度脉冲设计值为58.47 m/s。     

一种基于频移补偿的apFFT相位估计改进方法及应用

全相位快速傅里叶变换（all phase Fast Fourier Transform,apFFT)相位一致性特点使正弦信号相位估计不受频率估计影响,但由于频谱泄露和栅栏效应,apFFT相位估计性能受信号频率位置影响。针对该问题,提出了一种基于高精度频率估计和补偿的apFFT相位估计方法。首先,对信号进行高精度频率估计,并以此对信号进行频移补偿,然后对补偿信号进行apFFT,最后求解信号相位。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明：所提算法的相位估计性能不受信号频率位置影响,相位估计误差性能与理论值一致,受两参数克拉美罗界（CRLB₂）约束,约为1.158 2倍的CRLB₂;相位估计性能和抗噪声能力明显优于经典apFFT算法和其他对比算法。更进一步,利用我国首次火星探测器TW-1（天问一号）近火捕获段干涉测量数据进行算法验证,结果表明：相位估计精度约4 mrad,干涉测量时延估计精度约50 ps。     

双S弯二元排气系统遮挡偏距比对壁温与红外辐射影响的试验研究

为了探究不同遮挡偏距比双S弯排气系统的红外特性,试验研究了遮挡偏距比为55%和100%的双S弯二元排气系统的壁面温度分布和红外辐射特性,并与相应的基准轴对称排气系统进行了对比分析。结果表明：S弯喷管壁温整体要比基准轴对称喷管高约25%,第一S弯下游的上壁面附近存在局部高温区,提高S弯喷管遮挡偏距比后,温度梯度加剧,热应力集中。与基准轴对称排气系统相比,55%和100%遮挡偏距比双S弯二元排气系统均具有突出的红外抑制效果,正尾向（α=0°）红外辐射强度分别降低77.7%和79.3%。从温度和红外辐射强度综合评价,遮挡偏距比并非全遮挡最好,遮挡偏距比从55%提高到100%后,仅能有效抑制上方探测面α=5°和10°的红外辐射,而基本不会改变尾向其他探测方向的红外辐射,在工程设计时应权衡优化损失。     

Midlatitude ionospheric F2-layer response to eruptive solar events-caused geomagnetic disturbances over Hungary during the maximum of the solar cycle 24: A case study

In our study we analyze and compare the response and behavior of the ionospheric F2 and of the sporadic E-layer during three strong (i.e., Dst?<??100nT) individual geomagnetic storms from years 2012, 2013 and 2015, winter time period. The data was provided by the state-of the art digital ionosonde of the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory located at midlatitude, Nagycenk, Hungary (IAGA code: NCK, geomagnetic latitude: 46.17° geomagnetic longitude: 98.85°). The local time of the sudden commencement (SC) was used to characterize the type of the ionospheric storm (after Mendillo and Narvaez, 2010). This way two regular positive phase (RPP) ionospheric storms and one no-positive phase (NPP) storm have been analyzed. In all three cases a significant increase in electron density of the foF2 layer can be observed at dawn/early morning (around 6:00 UT, 07:00 LT). Also we can observe the fade-out of the ionospheric layers at night during the geomagnetically disturbed time periods. Our results suggest that the fade-out effect is not connected to the occurrence of the sporadic E-layers.