燃油系统汽液比计算方法

汽液比是直升机燃油系统设计的重要参数之一。对于正常燃油及宽馏份燃油,因其空气溶解系数及真实蒸汽压力的差别,导致计算方法的不同。针对两种不同类型燃油的特性,给出了不同的计算公式,以及汽液比计算公式中参数的确定方法、使用限制。     

两步法快速解算编队卫星GPS模糊度

为克服卫星编队飞行实时相对定位中双频模糊度解算速度慢的缺点,结合扩展Kalman滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter),首先采用少数个历元(如10个)相位平滑伪距相对定位结果与 L₆的平均值对滤波初始化,再根据两步法解算双频模糊度,即先解算并正确固定宽巷模糊度,获得较准确的基线分量估值,然后采用选权拟合方法,将基线分量作为约束条件解算并固定双频模糊度.仿真算例计算结果表明,当宽巷模糊度正确固定后,编队卫星间相对定位误差在5cm以内,两步法可以在较短时间(约3min)内固定双频模糊度,为精确解算编队卫星的相对状态提供保障.     

Novel closed-loop approaches for precise relative navigation of widely separated GPS receivers in LEO

This paper deals with the relative navigation of a formation of two spacecrafts separated by hundreds of kilometers based on processing dual-frequency differential carrier-phase GPS measurements. Specific requirements of the considered application are high relative positioning accuracy and real-time on board implementation. These can be conflicting requirements. Indeed, if on one hand high accuracy can be achieved by exploiting the integer nature of double-difference carrier-phase ambiguities, on the other hand the presence of large ephemeris errors and differential ionospheric delays makes the integer ambiguities determination challenging. Closed-loop schemes, which update the relative position estimates of a dynamic filter with feedback from integer ambiguities fixing algorithms, are customarily employed in these cases. This paper further elaborates such approaches, proposing novel closed loop techniques aimed at overcoming some of the limitations of traditional algorithms. They extend techniques developed for spaceborne long baseline relative positioning by making use of an on-the-fly ambiguity resolution technique especially developed for the applications of interest. Such techniques blend together ionospheric delay compensation techniques, nonlinear models of relative spacecraft dynamics, and partial integer validation techniques. The approaches are validated using flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Performance is compared to that of the traditional closed-loop scheme analyzing the capability of each scheme to maximize the percentage of correctly fixed integer ambiguities as well as the relative positioning accuracy. Results show that the proposed approach substantially improves performance of the traditional approaches. More specifically, centimeter-level root-mean square relative positioning is feasible for spacecraft separations of more than 260 km, and an integer ambiguity fixing performance as high as 98% is achieved in a 1-day long dataset. Results also show that approaches exploiting ionospheric delay models are more robust and precise of approaches relying on ionospheric-delay removal techniques.     

一种方位时变GEO SAR成像处理新算法

针对地球同步轨道合成孔径雷达(GEO SAR)回波模型的距离空变和方位时变问题,提出一种基于改进距离-多普勒(RD)和方位向调频尺度变换(CS)的成像算法。首先引入四阶泰勒展开模型解决成像中存在的弯曲轨迹问题,然后对传统RD算法进行改进,补偿距离空变,最后对方位时变进行建模,通过方位向CS补偿方位时变,使GEO SAR能够进行更大场景的成像。结合天基雷达先进仿真系统(SBRAS)进行仿真,验证了该算法的有效性。     

方位多波束星载SAR系统的模糊特性研究

文章在介绍方位多波束合成孔径雷达（SAR,Synthetic Aperture Radar）系统的基本原理的基础上,深入分析了方位多波束SAR系统模糊信号的来源。从系统总体角度给出了方位多波束SAR系统距离模糊的一种度量方法及计算公式,并给出了仿真计算实例。文章的分析结果对高分辨宽测绘带SAR系统设计具有一定的参考价值。     

基于多余观测分量的整周模糊度可靠性检验方法

针对常规模糊度检验三步法中存在的错误模糊度整数解漏检的情况,分析了错误整周模糊度、观测值残差及多余观测分量矩阵之间的内在联系,阐述了参考星变化对多余观测分量矩阵主对角线元素的影响,进而提出了一种基于多余观测分量的整周模糊度可靠性检验方法。该方法根据多余观测分量主对角线占优原则实现部分卫星的模糊度可靠性检验。对于多余观测分量主对角线不占优的卫星,利用多余观测分量绝对值最大的情况进行整周模糊度可靠性检验,从而完成所有卫星的模糊度可靠性检验。     

一种解大旋翼类雷达目标微Doppler模糊的方法

在单通道模式下,当雷达目标旋转半径比较大时,脉冲重复频率与微多普勒带宽之间可能会出现欠采样的情形,导致在时频面上发生微多普勒混叠,从而不能得到完整的微多普勒信息。针对此问题,提出了一种基于双通道干涉处理的解大旋翼类雷达目标微多普勒模糊的方法。文中详细推导了该模式下此类目标引起的微多普勒频率和微多普勒带宽的参数化表达式,分析表明其微多普勒带宽受一个正弦因子的调制而显著减小,从而使其满足香农采样定理,避免了微多普勒模糊现象。最后,数值仿真表明了理论推导和所述方法的正确性。     

基于DSP＋LAMBDA算法的GPS实时定位技术研究

主要分析了GPS载波相位整周模糊度LAMBDA求解算法,通过数据模拟测试来验证该算法在DSP上的工作状况。仿真计算证明,在DSP上实现LAMBDA算法可以满足GPS实时动态定位的要求。     

GPS 双基线载体姿态测量研究

研究了采用双基线方案测量载体的姿态,利用GPS双差相位测量基线矢量,双差伪距观测值辅助解相位整周模糊,双频时引入空间变换缩小置信空间搜索次数,通过实例分析得出了正确解算相位模糊与观测次数、伪距测量精度的关系,并利用误差传播定律对姿态测量精度进行分析,结合卫星星历数据计算表明,在卫星运行周期内航向角和俯仰角平均测量精度在一定条件下优于2mrad.     

基于客户价值的宽体客机典型航线选择

从民机制造商的角度,阐述了客户价值的理念,并以此为指导开展宽体客机典型航线选择的研究。从市场需求和性能需求两个方面深入分析航空公司选择宽体客机进行市场开拓的影响因素,并结合昆明至巴黎典型航线案例进行了说明。