基于ASP的网络化制造服务研究

数字化和网络化已成为当前制造业最为显著的生产特征。为解决目前制造企业设备低利用率与企业得不到快速成形与制造 (RP&M)技术服务的矛盾 ,必须将数字化服务有机地集成到企业产品的设计和制造环境中。应用服务供应商 (ASP)促进了先进制造技术与模式的新发展 ,而基于ASP技术的网络化分散制造是以服务商为中介的新的先进制造模式。文章分析在国内外网络化制造服务研究的基础上 ,结合国内制造业的生产实际需求 ,提出了基于ASP的网络化制造应用服务的模式及其对策 ,对促进网络化分散制造信息服务提供新的思路和实现途径。     

虚拟现实技术及其应用

虚拟现实技术是当今最为流行的计算机技术之一 ,本文对虚拟现实的历史、发展、概况进行了必要的介绍 ,同时讲述了虚拟现实技术的基本特点。介绍了虚拟现实系统的构成及其基本的应用与今后发展的趋势。最后针对当前的实际情况 ,提出了今后应该做的工作。     

试论民用飞机选型程序

飞机选型的最终目的是为航空公司选择一个最满意的机群。它从每个城市对子之间的航班对飞机的优选开始,综合公司全部航班选型结果,从中挑选不同的若干机型组合,形成不同的机群方案;再评估这些方案,选取其中最为满意的一个。本文就如何进行民用飞机和机群的优选进行了探讨,并提出了一个“飞机选型程序框图”。     

The Composition of the Solar Wind in Polar Coronal Holes

The solar wind charge state and elemental compositions have been measured with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometers (SWICS) on Ulysses and ACE for a combined period of about 25 years. This most extensive data set includes all varieties of solar wind flows and extends over more than one solar cycle. With SWICS the abundances of all charge states of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar and Fe can be reliably determined (when averaged over sufficiently long time periods) under any solar wind flow conditions. Here we report on results of our detailed analysis of the elemental composition and ionization states of the most unbiased solar wind from the polar coronal holes during solar minimum in 1994–1996, which includes new values for the abundance S, Ca and Ar and a more accurate determination of the ²⁰Ne abundance. We find that in the solar minimum polar coronal hole solar wind the average freezing-in temperature is ∼1.1×10⁶ K, increasing slightly with the mass of the ion. Using an extrapolation method we derive photospheric abundances from solar wind composition measurements. We suggest that our solar-wind-derived values should be used for the photospheric ratios of Ne/Fe=1.26±0.28 and Ar/Fe=0.030±0.007.     

Johannes Geiss’ Investigations of Solar, Heliospheric and Interstellar Matter

Johannes Geiss is a world leader and foremost expert on measurements and interpretation of the composition of matter that reveals the history, present state, and future of astronomical objects. With his Swiss team he was first to measure the composition of the noble gases in the solar wind when in the late 1960s he flew the brilliant solar wind collecting foil experiments on the five Apollo missions to the moon. Always at the forefront of the art of composition measurements, he with his colleagues determined the isotopic and elemental composition of the solar wind using instruments characterized by innovative design that have provided the most comprehensive record of the solar wind composition under all solar wind conditions at all helio-latitudes. He discovered heavy interstellar pickup ions, from which the composition of the neutral gas of the Local Interstellar Cloud is determined, and the “Inner Source” of pickup ions. Johannes Geiss played a key role both in the in-situ measurements and modeling of molecular ions in comets, and the interpretation of these data. He and co-workers measured the composition of plasmas in the magnetospheres of Earth and Jupiter. Here we highlight Johannes Geiss’ many discoveries and seminal contributions to our knowledge of the composition of matter of the Sun, solar wind, interstellar gas, early universe, comets and magnetospheres.     

The MESSENGER Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer

A Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) instrument has been developed as part of the science payload for NASA’s Discovery Program mission to the planet Mercury. Mercury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) launched successfully in 2004 and will journey more than six years before entering Mercury orbit to begin a one-year investigation. The GRNS instrument forms part of the geochemistry investigation and will yield maps of the elemental composition of the planet surface. Major elements include H, O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, K, and Th. The Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) portion detects gamma-ray emissions in the 0.1- to 10-MeV energy range and achieves an energy resolution of 3.5 keV full-width at half-maximum for ⁶⁰Co (1332 keV). It is the first interplanetary use of a mechanically cooled Ge detector. Special construction techniques provide the necessary thermal isolation to maintain the sensor’s encapsulated detector at cryogenic temperatures (90 K) despite the intense thermal environment. Given the mission constraints, the GRS sensor is necessarily body-mounted to the spacecraft, but the outer housing is equipped with an anticoincidence shield to reduce the background from charged particles. The Neutron Spectrometer (NS) sensor consists of a sandwich of three scintillation detectors working in concert to measure the flux of ejected neutrons in three energy ranges from thermal to ∼7 MeV. The NS is particularly sensitive to H content and will help resolve the composition of Mercury’s polar deposits. This paper provides an overview of the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer and describes its science and measurement objectives, the design and operation of the instrument, the ground calibration effort, and a look at some early in-flight data.     

Compound Ceramic Coatings Grown by Micro-plasma Oxidation on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Compound ceramics coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were prepared by the direct current micro-plasma oxidation (MPO) in NaAlO2 solution. The composition and morphology of the coatings were studied with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer technique was used to analyze the solution features of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the process of preparation. The results reveal that Al2TiO5 forms in the coatings at the initial stages of MPO reaction, and its content changes rapidly with the reaction continuing: after 20 min, the ceramics coatings are composed of α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and Al2TiO5, but after 40 min, its main composition is of α-Al2O3. The content of Ti in the solution will increase when the MPO time extends, and as will Al in the anode area until, after 30 min, it reaches the maximum and keeps constant from then on. Both substrata of Ti and Al in the electrolyte join the MPO reaction at the initial stage, where the formation of Al2TiO5 happens; but as the MPO reaction prolongs, more and more Al in the electrolyte will take part in the reaction, leading to the appearance of a large amount of Al2O3.     

二维火箭喷焰流场的化学组份和电磁特性计算

提出了一种能计算二维火箭喷焰流场化学组份和电磁特性分布的计算模型和方法,并编制了相应的计算机程序。该程序能较真实地反映喷焰流场中发生的实际化学反应和电磁波衰减效应,适用于接近完全膨胀的少烟或无烟推进剂火箭喷焰参数的计算。计算结果表明,不考虑化学反应,将对流场内参量,特别是化学参量和电磁参量的计算结果产生很大误差。     

碳／碳复合材料表面沉积SiC的形态和成分

在ＰＡＮ碳布和沥青基体碳的Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料表面涂复了ＳｉＣ。用ＣＨ４和Ｎ,为载气的ＳｉＣｌ４作原料,用Ｈ２为稀释气,在两种气体混合比和三种温度下化学气相沉积ＳｉＣ涂层。分析表明,涂层的主要元素有Ｃ,Ｓｉ、Ｃｌ和微量Ｃａ。电镜观察表明,涂层中Ｃ原子含量为６２％时呈菜花状或云团状,而当Ｃ／Ｓｉ比接近于１时,表面呈菠萝状。     

基于UML的网上选课系统的研究与设计

UML统一建模语言,是软件分析设计中的标准语言,可用于软件分析、设计和实现的全过程.通过网上选课系统开发实例,介绍了如何应用UML的方法,设计和开发一个软件模型.实践证明,在基于RUP以体系结构为中心的建模方法的指导下,应用UML丰富的可视化建模元素,可以快速、准确地构建面向对象的应用模型.