唇罩内型面对内转式进气道流动特性影响研究

内转式进气道流场参数分布不均,为改善进气道的流场结构、提高其气动性能,采用数值仿真方法开展了唇罩内型面对内转式进气道流动特性影响的研究。研究结果表明:唇罩内型面影响唇罩激波强度、形态与内流道波系结构,进而影响唇罩激波与侧壁边界层干扰诱发的三维流向涡的产生、发展以及空间分布;在研究范围内,随着唇罩压缩角减小,唇罩激波减弱,内转式进气道流场参数周向分布更加均匀,出口总压恢复系数先增大后减小,抗反压能力不断增强,最高增大了12.7%。     

悬停旋翼桨尖涡吹气控制的数值模拟

开槽桨尖是减弱旋翼桨尖涡强度的一种被动流动控制手段。旋翼桨尖涡由于涡量高度集中在一个很小的区域范围内,数值计算容易受到网格分布和数值耗散的影响,导致涡量耗散过快,不利于对旋翼尾迹涡开展研究。针对这一问题,文中采用重叠网格局部加密和湍流模型旋转修正等方法,获得了悬停旋翼的高分辨率桨尖涡流场。采用该方法,对比研究Caradonna-Tung旋翼基本外形和开槽桨尖外形在悬停状态下的空间旋涡流场,从涡量分布、旋涡特征速度等方面研究了开槽桨尖控制桨尖涡强度的流动机理,比较了4种不同开槽方式对控制效果的影响,以及对旋翼悬停性能的影响。结果表明,开槽桨尖能够有效减弱桨尖涡的强度,但同时会对旋翼拉力和扭矩产生一定的负面影响。     

Experimental investigation of flow field in a laboratory-scale compressor

The inner flow environment of turbomachinery presents strong three-dimensional, rota-tional, and unsteady characteristics. Consequently, a deep understanding of these flow phenomena will be the prerequisite to establish a state-of-the-art design system of turbomachinery. Currently the development of more accurate turbulence models and CFD tools is in urgent need for a high-quality database for validation, especially the advanced CFD tools, such as large eddy simu-lation (LES). Under this circumstance, this paper presents a detailed experimental investigation on the 3D unsteady flow field inside a laboratory-scale isolated-rotor with multiple advanced measure-ment techniques, including traditional aerodynamic probes, hotwire probes, unsteady endwall static pressure measurement, and stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV). The inlet boundary layer pro-file is measured with both hotwire probe and aerodynamic probe. The steady and unsteady flow fields at the outlet of the rotor are measured with a mini five-hole probe and a single-slanted hotwire probe. The instantaneous flow field in the rotor tip region inside the passage is captured with SPIV, and then a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the instantaneous tip leakage vortex/flow is performed to understand its dynamic characteristics. Besides these, the uncertainty analysis of each measurement technique is described. This database is quite sufficient to validate the advanced numerical simulation with LES. The identification process of the tip leakage vortex core in the instantaneous frames obtained from SPIV is performed deliberately. It is concluded that the ensemble-averaged flow field could not represent the tip leakage vortex strength and the trajectory trace. The development of the tip leakage vortex could be clearly cataloged into three phases according to their statistical spatial distribution. The streamwise velocity loss induced by the tipleakage flow increases until the splitting process is weak and the turbulent mixing phase is dominant.     

带凹腔的支板火焰稳定器三维大涡模拟

为研究支板冷态流场,应用LES(大涡模拟)的方法对带凹腔的支板火焰稳定器在Ma=0.06和 Ma=0.09两种工况下分别进行三维数值模拟.对比试验和仿真结果表明:三维大涡模拟结果具有与试验相似的流场结构,定量对比试验和LES结果的尾涡脱落频率的最大相对误差为9.4%;支板尾部截面流向时均速度的最大相对误差为7.7%.表明数值模拟方法和边界条件设置的正确性和可信度.又对支板的三维流场进行分析:速度越大,支板尾涡的尺寸和强度越大;支板流场存在明显的三维效应,并且随着速度变大,三维效应越明显.      

基于双阶涡旋光束的旋转测速精度提升方法

涡旋光束因其独特的螺旋型波前结构,在对旋转物体探测时会产生与转速成正比的旋转多普勒频移,双阶涡旋光束的转速测量精度是单阶的2倍,但探测过程的噪声干扰会引起测量精度的下降。首先,通过分析双阶涡旋光束的旋转物体速度测量机理,给出测量精度影响因素分析。其次,在给出测量系统设计的基础上设计物体转速提取算法思路。最终,对高斯噪声、乘性噪声、探测器累积时间和光束模式纯度这四种情况对于测速精度的影响进行分析。结果表明,高阶双阶涡旋光束能有效提升噪声环境下的测速精度,提高模式纯度至94%以上,探测器累积时间控制在0.49s以上可以获得更好的测速精度。     

小振辐振荡圆柱诱导的二次旋涡流动

本文给出充满粘性不可压缩流体时同心圆柱间内柱作小振幅振荡所诱导的二次旋涡流动的解析解,对典型的柱径比给出容器外边界对二次旋涡流动流线、涡量分布和动能分布的影响。给出了等涡量线和等动能线分布的鞍点。采用数值求解非定常Stokes流动考察了二次旋涡流动的发展过程。二次定常旋涡流动的显示实验表明,解析解、数值计算和实验显示所示流谱基本一致。     

涡对与物体的相互作用研究

本文从非定常形式的Ｎ－Ｓ方程出发，采用有限差分法数值模拟了入射涡对与圆柱及翼型相互作用的流场结构，旨在分析讨论其复杂的非定常流动现象，如二次涡及三次涡的形成，多涡配对，非定常分离及剪切层的演化等，以及不同的物形及涡对与物体间不同的相对位置对影响。此外，文中还通过分析物面压力分布随时间的变化来探讨非常分离的流动特性。     

小孔辅助射流提高冷效的机理分析

本文采用数值计算手段,模拟普通的圆柱形单孔结构和小孔辅助射流结构在不同吹风比下的流动和换热,侧重通过直观演示气膜孔下游反向对旋涡对（肾形涡）的生成、发展以及相互作用过程,揭示小孔辅助射流改善气膜冷却效果的机理。结果表明：与单孔结构相比,小孔辅助射流结构,由于小孔射流的干涉作用,主孔射流形成的肾形涡的尺度和强度均有较大程度的减小,冷气射流与主流的掺混减弱,对冷气的向上抬升作用减小,避免了冷气穿透主流脱离壁面,大大提高冷效。随着吹风比的增加,与圆柱形单孔相比,气膜冷却效果改善更加明显。     

Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity

Micro air vehicles (MAVs) have the potential to revolutionize our sensing and information gathering capabilities in areas such as environmental monitoring and homeland security. Flapping wings with suitable wing kinematics, wing shapes, and flexible structures can enhance lift as well as thrust by exploiting large-scale vortical flow structures under various conditions. However, the scaling invariance of both fluid dynamics and structural dynamics as the size changes is fundamentally difficult. The focus of this review is to assess the recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is realized that a variation of the Reynolds number (wing sizing, flapping frequency, etc.) leads to a change in the leading edge vortex (LEV) and spanwise flow structures, which impacts the aerodynamic force generation. While in classical stationary wing theory, the tip vortices (TiVs) are seen as wasted energy, in flapping flight, they can interact with the LEV to enhance lift without increasing the power requirements. Surrogate modeling techniques can assess the aerodynamic outcomes between two- and three-dimensional wing. The combined effect of the TiVs, the LEV, and jet can improve the aerodynamics of a flapping wing. Regarding aeroelasticity, chordwise flexibility in the forward flight can substantially adjust the projected area normal to the flight trajectory via shape deformation, hence redistributing thrust and lift. Spanwise flexibility in the forward flight creates shape deformation from the wing root to the wing tip resulting in varied phase shift and effective angle of attack distribution along the wing span. Numerous open issues in flapping wing aerodynamics are highlighted.     

具有前缘凹陷特征的气冷涡轮叶型研究

提出了一种具有前缘自锁涡的新型气冷涡轮叶型.对新叶型流场进行了跨声速情况下的详细数值研究.观察了由前缘冷气喷射所形成的冷气旋涡沿叶型表面的变化.将新叶型的冷却效率、能量损失、压力场等与传统气冷涡轮叶型进行了对比.结果表明:新气冷叶型能够把由前缘冷气喷射形成的冷气旋涡锁定在其凹陷部位.冷气与主流的掺混损失减小.因此,前缘冷气喷射孔的列数可以减少.相应地,冷气喷射量可以减少.