高压涡轮导叶非轴对称端壁优化设计

为使高压涡轮导叶非轴对称端壁造型在减少二次流损失、提高气动性能方面更好的发挥作用,以某一级高压涡轮为研究对象,采用端壁参数化造型、三维Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程流场求解和基于人工神经网络的遗传算法相结合的优化方法对涡轮导叶进行非轴对称端壁的优化设计。优化目标为在控制涡轮导叶进口质量流量、出口马赫数及出口气流角的情况下,导叶出口总压损失系数和出口二次流动能最小化。对比分析优化前后端壁对涡轮导叶出口参数和涡轮级性能的影响。结果表明：优化后得到的非轴对称端壁有效地改善了涡轮导叶通道内的流场,抑制了通道内二次流涡系的发展,降低了导叶出口处的流动损失,涡轮导叶出口总压损失系数降低了14．85％,高压涡轮级等熵效率提高了0．456％。     

α–ω Effect and peculiarities of the 27-day variations of the galactic cosmic rays intensity,solar wind and solar activity parameters

We show that the amplitudes of the 27-day variations of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity, solar wind and solar activity parameters have a periodicity with duration of three to four Carrington rotation periods (3–4 CRP). We assume that the general reason for this phenomenon may be related to similar cyclicity of topological structure of the solar magnetic field lines created owing to the asymmetry of turbulent solar dynamo and solar differential rotation transforming the Sun’s poloidal magnetic field to the toroidal (α–ω effect), and vice versa.     

Application of hybrid regularization method for tomographic reconstruction of midlatitude ionospheric electron density

Reconstructing ionospheric electron density (IED) is an ill-posed inverse problem, with classical Tikhonov regularization tending to smooth IED structures. By contrast, total variation (TV) regularization effectively resists noise and preserves discontinuities of the IED. In this paper, we regularize the inverse problem by incorporating both Tikhonov and TV regularization. A specific formulation of the proposed method, called hybrid regularization, is introduced and investigated. The method is then tested using simulated data for the actual positions of the GPS satellites and ground receivers, and also applied to the analysis of real observation data under quiescent and disturbed ionospheric conditions. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness, and illustrate the validity and reliability of the proposed method.     

地基激光清除椭圆轨道空间碎片特性的计算分析

空间碎片对人类航天活动的危害很大,用高能激光减缓其危害性已受到广泛关注.针对地基激光清除椭圆轨道空间碎片问题,提出了单脉冲变轨和多脉冲变轨两种计算分析方法.仿真计算结果表明,碎片初始真近角在100°～150°附近降轨效果最佳;从激光器在地球表面可供布站的区域讲,在碎片真近角180°附近,布站区域最大;当推进激光总作用时间较短或作用距离较小时,单脉冲变轨计算模型和多脉冲变轨计算模型计算结果接近,因此可采用单脉冲变轨计算模型计算结果近似表示多脉冲作用效果.     

旋转状态下矩形微小通道流动与换热试验研究

为了研究微小通道结构在航空发动机涡轮叶片中应用的前景和可行性,以空气为冷却介质,在Re＝1000～3000、转速为0～500 r/min、Ro＝0～3.5×10-3条件下,对水力直径为1 mm的旋转微小通道组的流动和换热特性进行试验研究。结果表明：微小通道流阻系数呈现粗糙壁通道特征,通道临界Re≈2350,流阻系数以及临界Re随转速增加未见明显改变。在静止状态下,通道组综合换热系数随Re增大而增大,换热系数分布沿流动方向逐渐减小;在旋转状态下,通道组平均综合换热系数略有增大,旋转对换热特性的影响随着流动的发展而增大     

First observation of upper mesospheric semi annual oscillations using ground based airglow measurements from Indian low latitudes

We summarize two years of Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Photometer (MLTP) operation of mesospheric OH and O₂ emission monitoring. The deduced mesospheric OH and O₂ temperatures show large variability. Nightly temperature variations over Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) are dominated by the short period wave features, while tidal amplitudes are relatively small. Our measurements are the first to report a long period seasonal variation at two upper mesospheric altitudes simultaneously over the Indian sector. Our observations reveal the presence of a dominant semi-annual oscillation (∼6 months periodicity) together with a shorter period (∼2.5  months periodicity) oscillation in both OH and O₂ data.     

适用于参数可调结构的非定常气动力降阶建模方法

基于计算流体力学(CFD)的非定常气动力降阶模型(ROM)可以极大提高气动弹性分析效率,然而现有的ROM只能针对固定参数结构,即只适合于固定模态振型,这使得现有ROM在气动弹性优化设计和不确定性分析等结构变参问题中应用受限。针对该问题,在文献[20]基础上提出了一种新的适用于任意模态振型的非定常气动力建模方法。首先将待设计/分析的结构进行参数化抽样和模态分析,之后通过主成分分析(PCA)得到若干基振型,再将这些基振型线性叠加即可拟合抽样空间内任何参数下结构的前若干阶振型。当结构参数改动时,仅仅是叠加系数发生变化。算例表明,仅用很少的基振型就能达到理想的拟合精度。经典的气动力降阶方法可用于基振型坐标下的气动力降阶,进一步变换可得到适用于不同结构的ROM,这意味着,结构参数可以在抽样空间内任意调节改动,而ROM却是通用的。该方法能广泛用于气动弹性优化设计和不确定性分析工作,可提高颤振分析精度和效率。     

民用飞机机身蒙皮对接结构疲劳分析及试验

在对细节疲劳额定值(DFR)方法深入研究的基础上,对 MA700飞机机身蒙皮典型对接结构进行了疲劳寿命分析,确定了该结构的载荷传递及一系列修正系数,得到了结构疲劳寿命分析结果.     

Estimation method of domestic advanced fighter＇s fly-away cost

由于年代上的差别、技术水平的提高和国内外研发体制的不同,国外已有的成熟估算模型不能直接用于国内先进战斗机（三代以上的战斗机）的出厂费用估算.针对这种问题,研究了国内外军工体制的差异、先进战斗机的新技术特征和研制过程的新特点对费用产生的影响,将研制体制、引进仿制、航电技术升级、改进改型和研制周期拖延5种因素考虑到费用计算当中.根据战斗机出厂费用数据统计,以Burns估算模型为基础,引入了相关的＂费用因子＂,采用比例缩放、最小误差等方法,建立了一种国内先进战斗机出厂费用估算的新模型.以国外先进战斗机和国内三型战斗机作为算例,验证了新模型的有效性和实用性.     

Effect of turbulence on NO formation in swirling combustion

Turbulence affects both combustion and NO formation. Fluctuation correlations are ideally used for quantitative analysis. From the instantaneous chemical reaction rate expression,ignoring the third-order correlation terms, the averaged reaction rate will have four terms, including the term of averaged-variable product, a concentration fluctuation correlation term, and temperature-concentration fluctuation correlation term. If the reaction-rate coefficient is denoted as K, the temperature fluctuation would be included in the K fluctuation. In order to quantitatively study the effect of turbulence on NO formation in methane-air swirling combustion, various turbulencechemistry models are tested. The magnitudes of various correlations and their effects on the time-averaged reaction rate are calculated and analyzed, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental measurement data. The results show that among various correlation moments, the correlation between the reaction-rate coefficient K fluctuation with the concentration fluctuation is most important and is a strong nonlinear term.