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针对空间飞行器碰撞概率问题, 基于碰撞概率的假设条件与计算原理, 对现有常见方法进行分析, 归纳每种方法在线性与非线性、空间目标是否规则等方面的适用性及特点, 通过数值计算验证了上述方法, 并从计算速度与计算精度两个维度对每种方法进行评估. 评估结果表明, 中心概率密度法的计算速度最快,曲线积分法的相对误差最小, 基于辛普森公式的二维积分方法具有较均衡的效果, 三维体积积分适用于非线性场景,蒙特卡洛法最为精准但是运算速度最慢. 综合考虑计算精度、计算速度、相对速度、相对位置关系等因素, 根据每种方法的特点提出了多种场景下较为适用的碰撞概率简化计算方法, 研究结果可以为在轨碰撞概率的计算与分析提供参考. 相似文献
83.
ZHENG Xiaomei LU Haoyu XU Dajun CAI Guobiao School of Astronautics Beihang University Beijing China 《中国航空学报》2011,24(2):136-144
In this research effort,numerical simulation of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) channel is performed and Hall effect is studied.The computational model consists of the Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations coupled with electrical-magnetic source terms,Maxwell equations and the generalized Ohm’s law.Boundary conditions for the electrical potential equation considering Hall effect are derived.To start with,the MHD channel with single-pair electrodes is studied and flow of the electric current is in accordance with physical principle.Then the MHD channel with five-pair electrodes is numerically simulated.The results show that the electrical current concentrates on the downstream of the anode and the upstream of the cathode due to Hall effect,and the flow field becomes asymmetrical.At the current value of the magnetic interaction parameter,the electrical-magnetic force affects the flow remarkably,decreasing the outlet Mach number and increasing the outlet pressure;what’s more,the flow structure in the channel becomes extremely complex.Performances of MHD channels with continual electrodes and segmented electrodes are compared.The results show that performance of the MHD channel with segmented electrodes is better than that with continual electrodes with the increase of Hall parameter. 相似文献
84.
Satellite launch vehicle lies at the cross-road of multiple challenging technologies and its design and optimization present a typical example of multidisciplinary design and optimization(MDO) process.The complexity of problem demands highly effi-cient and effective algorithm that can optimize the design.Hyper heuristic approach(HHA) based on meta-heuristics is applied to the optimization of air launched satellite launch vehicle(ASLV).A non-learning random function(NLRF) is proposed to con-trol low-level meta-heuristics(LLMHs) that increases certainty of global solution,an essential ingredient required in product conceptual design phase of aerospace systems.Comprehensive empirical study is performed to evaluate the performance advan-tages of proposed approach over popular non-gradient based optimization methods.Design of ASLV encompasses aerodynamics,propulsion,structure,stages layout,mass distribution,and trajectory modules connected by multidisciplinary feasible design approach.This approach formulates explicit system-level goals and then forwards the design optimization process entirely over to optimizer.This distinctive approach for launch vehicle system design relieves engineers from tedious,iterative task and en-ables them to improve their component level models.Mass is an impetus on vehicle performance and cost,and so it is considered as the core of vehicle design process.Therefore,gross launch mass is to be minimized in HHA. 相似文献
85.
通过求解薄层近似的Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了带座舱飞船高超声速粘性绕流,首次系统地给出了攻角为5°、10°、20°、30°和40°情况下的物面分离形态、横戴面流线形态、纵剖面流线形态以及旋涡沿涡轴的演变形态。分析和比较表明,本文采用数值可视化方法给出的流场拓扑结构与相应的拓扑规律完全吻合。在飞船后体流场横截面流线中,本文发现了稳定的极限环流态,该极限环涡心处沿涡轴方向的速度是超声速 相似文献
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回顾了高超声速飞行器建立的几种热防护系统,简要分析了吸气式发动机高超声速飞行器尖前缘的热环境特点及相应防热材料发展的趋势,介绍了近20年来美国在吸气式发动机高超声速飞行器相关研究中所开展的Hytech、X43A及NGLT等三个研究项目,重点介绍这些研究项目中尖前缘材料的发展以及进行的气动热试验. 相似文献
88.
简要分析了潜空导弹无动力运载器的基本特征和基本要求;用四元数法和矢量矩阵法建立运载器水下空间运动的数学模型;利用Simulink仿真软件,建立运载器仿真模型,对运载器的水弹道特性进行仿真分析与计算。仿真表明,运载器离管速度对导弹出水时偏距影响很大,水中运动时间主要与发射深度有关。 相似文献
89.
针对CZ-3A系列运载火箭三子级低温贮箱内剩余推进剂排放问题,分别对排放过程中液氢和液氧低温推进剂沿2种不同排放管的流动进行了一维数值计算和分析.计算中认为在排放时沿管路压强降低,从而引起液体推进剂气化,并在管路的某个位置出现气固两相或者全部气化,在计算中,根据不同位置时推进剂的不同状态,分别采用液相、气液两相、气固两相及气相的物理数学模型和控制方程.计算得出了排放的出口参数及排放性能,认为液氢从通道1排放比较好,液氧从通道2排放比较好.为进一步进行排放研究提供了依据. 相似文献
90.
The paper describes the basic definition and application of 'Cost Engineering' which means to design a vehicle system for minimum development cost and/or for minimum operations cost. This is important now and for the future since space transportation has become primarily a commercial business in contrast to the past where it has been mainly a subject of military power and national prestige. Several examples are presented for minimum-cost space launch vehicle configurations, such as increasing vehicle size and/or the use of less efficient rocket engines in order to reduce development and operations cost. Further a cost comparison is presented on single-stage (SSTO)-vehicles vs. two-stage launchers which shows that SSTOs have lower development and operations cost although they are larger, respectively have a higher lift-off mass than two-stage vehicles with the same performance. The design of a space tourism-dedicated launch vehicle is an extreme challenge for a cost-engineered vehicle design in order to achieve cost per seat not higher than $50,000. Finally an outlook is presented on the different options for manned Earth-to-Moon transportation modes and vehicles – another most important application of 'cost engineering', taking into account the large cost of such a future venture. 相似文献