Dynamical characterization of the last prolonged solar minima

The planetary hypothesis of the solar cycle is an old idea in which the gravitational influence of the planets has a non-negligible effect on the causes of the solar magnetic cycle. The advance of this hypothesis is based on phenomenological correlations between dynamical parameters of the Sun’s movement around the barycentre of the Solar System and sunspots time series; and more especially, identifying relationships linking solar barycentric dynamics with prolonged minima (especially Grand Minima events). However, at present there is no clear physical mechanism relating these phenomena. The possible celestial influence on solar cycle modulation is of great importance not only in solar physics but also in Earth sciences, because prolonged solar minima have associated important climatic and telluric variations, in particular, during the Maunder and Dalton Minimum. In this work we looked for a possible causal link in relation with solar barycentric dynamics and prolonged minima events. We searched for particular changes in the Sun’s acceleration and concentrated on long-term variations of the solar cycle. We show how the orbital angular momentum of the Sun evolves and how the inclination of the solar barycentric orbit varies during the epochs of orbital retrogressions. In particular, at these moments, the radial component of the Sun’s acceleration (i.e., in the barycentre-Sun direction) had an exceptional magnitude. These radial impulses occurred at the very beginning of the Maunder Minimum, during the Dalton Minimum and also at the maximum of cycle 22 before the present extended minimum. We also found a strong correlation between the planetary torque and the observed sunspots international number around that maximum. We apply our results in a novel theory of Sun–planets interaction that it is sensitive to Sun barycentric dynamics and found a very important effect on the Sun’s capability of storing hypothetical reservoirs of potential energy that could be released by internal flows and might be related to the solar cycle. This process begins about 40 years before the solar angular momentum inversions, i.e., before Maunder Minimum, Dalton Minimum, and before the present extended minimum. Our conclusions suggest a dynamical characterization of peculiar prolonged solar minima. We discuss the possible implications of these results for the solar cycle including the present extended minimum.     

考虑夹杂间相互影响的颗粒增强两相复合材料等效热膨胀系数预测

基于热-机械载荷联合作用下两相颗粒复合材料的热力学响应特性,推导得到了材料的宏观等效热膨胀系数,给出的表达式中完全考虑了夹杂之间的相互影响,因此适用于大体积分数的复合材料体系.此外,还给出了在热-机械载荷联合作用下代表性体积单元(Representative volume element,RVE)、夹杂和基体中体积均匀化应力场和应变场的具体分布形式.本文的预测结果与已有的实验数据吻合很好,说明了该模型的有效性.     

Scaling of interaction lengths for hypersonic shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions

The interaction length induced by Shock Wave/Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions (SWTBLIs) in the hypersonic flow was investigated using a scaling analysis, in which the interaction length normalized by the displacement thickness of boundary layer was correlated with a corrected non-dimensional separation criterion across the interaction after accounting for the wall temperature effects. A large number of hypersonic SWTBLIs were compiled to examine the scaling analysis over a wide range of Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers, and wall temperatures. The results indicate that the hypersonic SWTBLIs with low Reynolds numbers collapse on the supersonic SWTBLIs, while the hypersonic cases with high Reynolds numbers show a more rapid growth of the interaction length than that with low Reynolds numbers. Thus, two scaling relationships are identified according to different Reynolds numbers for the hypersonic SWTBLIs. The scaling analysis provides valuable guidelines for engineering prediction of the interaction length, and thus, enriches the knowledge of hypersonic SWTBLIs.     

Maxwell气固相互作用模型对稀薄高超声速凹腔绕流流动特征和热环境的影响

针对高空航天飞机等再入飞行器表面缺陷或防热瓦缝隙导致的局部压力过高和气动加热问题,采用直接模拟Monte Carlo （DSMC）方法研究了飞行高度为80 km的稀薄流区高超声速凹腔绕流问题,考虑气固相互作用（GSI）模型对凹腔流场特征和表面压力、热流的影响。结果表明：稀薄流条件（80 km）下,GSI为完全漫反射时,在凹腔前缘分离的剪切层再次附着在后缘,在凹腔内部形成一个充满腔体的单涡结构;随着GSI从完全漫反射向镜面反射变化,气体与凹腔表面之间的切向动量交换减弱,即黏性剪切作用减弱,外部气流被卷入凹腔的程度减弱,导致涡结构不断减小直至消失,凹腔底部逐渐出现所谓的"死水区"。与完全漫反射相比,镜面反射或近镜面反射会导致凹腔上游侧面的峰值压力和峰值热流以及下游侧面的峰值压力剧烈增大,在飞行器设计中,应特别留意上述表面的压力载荷和热载荷。     

Ionospheric oscillations caused by geomagnetic Pi2 pulsations and their observations by multipoint continuous Doppler sounding; first results

In 2004, we started operating a continuous Doppler sounding system to investigate ionospheric signatures of infrasonic, short period acoustic gravity waves and geomagnetic pulsations. Since January 2007, four stable 3.59 MHz transmitters have been in operation in the western part of the Czech Republic. Multipoint measurements enable us to investigate horizontal propagation of waves and disturbances in the ionosphere and to estimate horizontal distances over which these waves (disturbances) are correlated.     

动态间断装配法模拟斜激波壁面反射

基于非结构动网格技术和边界装配思想提出了动态间断装配法,该方法能够应用于求解含有间断的流动问题。无论入射激波还是反射激波都是作为边界进行处理,激波运动速度由兰金-许贡纽(Rankine-Hugoniot)关系确定。激波作为动网格的一部分,其运动由动网格技术实现。采用该方法模拟了超声速二维流场中激波与壁面相交问题,并且与捕捉法进行比较,二者的流场结构符合良好,但是在细节上还是存在明显差异。通过对流动结构的分析,得出采用装配方法得到的流场要优于捕捉方法的结论。激波壁面反射的问题模拟,也说明了边界激波装配方法对于复杂的激波相交问题是具有处理能力的。     

不同波系配置的鼓包压缩面引起的激波/边界层干扰特性

为了对不同波系配置的鼓包压缩面引起的锥形激波和来流边界层干扰的流场特性进行对比分析,分别以总偏转角相同的单锥、双锥和等熵锥等3种外锥流场为基准流场,在来流马赫数为2.0的条件下,采用流线追踪法设计了3种鼓包压缩面。在此基础上,采用数值仿真的方法对这3种鼓包压缩面在不同马赫数下的三维激波/边界层干扰流场进行了对比分析,结果表明:相比于单锥鼓包,双锥和等熵鼓包流场中的涡量集中区明显减小,且涡核处的涡量值也有所降低;对于双锥和等熵鼓包,由于受到后续波系的干扰,其表面流动的拓扑结构不再呈现出锥形相似性;双锥与等熵鼓包具有和单锥鼓包相同的边界层排移能力,且这一能力不随来流马赫数的变化而变化。此外,采用多波系配置能提高鼓包外压缩系统的总压恢复系数,波系数目越多,提升的程度就越大,且这一优势在高马赫数下更加明显。      

跨声速轴流压气机不同工况下转子激波与导流叶片尾迹相互干涉研究

应用3维黏性流动计算软件Fine/Numeca,对某型1.5级跨声速轴流压气机进行内部流场和全工况特性数值模拟,得到该压气机特性曲线。在最高效率点和近失速点,在2种质量流量下,对压气机内部流场进行非定常对比计算,分析了在质量流量变小时,压气机内部流场的变化情况。     

直升机桨毂动力吸振器的研究

提出了分析与设计桨毂动力吸振器的力学模型;探讨两种分析方法（频域法和时域法）及其适用性;并对吸振器的特性进行了分析;给出了经试验验证的旋转旋翼动柔度表达式。算例证实本文提出的力学模型、分析方法以及这类吸振器的有效性。