上游叶片尾迹对转子叶片非定常表面压力频谱特性影响的研究

为了研究上游叶片尾迹对轴流压气机转子叶片非定常表面压力的影响,采用在叶片表面埋设微型压力传感器的方法,测量了一个单级低速轴流压气机转子叶片的非定常压力分布。对转子叶片非定常压力分布的分析显示:转子叶片压力面非定常表面压力主要受上游叶片尾迹影响,其主导频率为上游叶片尾迹频率及其倍频,压力波动幅度随上游叶片尾迹的衰减而沿流向减弱。转子叶片吸力面非定常压力受叶片附面层和上游叶片尾迹共同影响,其主导频率为上游叶片尾迹频率及其倍频,但是在吸力面前部气流加速区压力波动幅度沿流向增大,而在吸力面后部气流减速区压力波动幅度沿流向减小。在存在尾缘分离的情况下,在分离区附近产生较大压力波动。尾缘气流分离产生的压力波动频谱中含有上游叶片尾迹频率及其倍频的分量,但其频谱可能比较复杂,并非单一地受上游叶片尾迹影响。      

Improved interpretation of solar wind ion measurements via high-resolution magnetic field data

The Wind   spacecraft’s Faraday cups (FC) continue to produce high-quality, in situ observations of thermal protons (i.e., ionized hydrogen) and α$\alpha$-particles (i.e., fully ionized helium) in the solar wind. By fitting a Wind/FC ion spectrum with a model velocity distribution function (VDF) for each particle species, values for density, bulk velocity, and temperature can be inferred. Incorporating measurements of the background magnetic field from the Wind Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) allows perpendicular and parallel temperature components to be separated. Prior implementations of this analysis averaged the higher-cadence Wind/MFI measurements to match that of the Wind/FC ion spectra. However, this article summarizes recent and extensive revisions to the analysis software that, among other things, eliminate such averaging and thereby account for variations in the direction of the magnetic field over the time taken to measure the ions. A statistical comparison reveals that the old version consistently underestimates the temperature anisotropy of ion VDF’s: averaging over fluctuations in the magnetic field essentially blurs the perpendicular and parallel temperature components, which makes the plasma seem artificially more isotropic. The new version not only provides a more accurate dataset of ion parameters (which is well suited to the study of microkinetic phenomena), it also demonstrates a novel technique for jointly processing particle and field data. Such methods are crucial to heliophysics as wave-particle interactions are increasingly seen as playing an important role in the dynamics of the solar wind and similar space plasmas.     

多点压力扫描阀测量系统在激波／湍流边界层干扰实验中的应用

多点压力测量是航空气动力研究及高性能流体机械研究中的重要测试手段。利用计算机和多点压力扫描阀系统，可以高效地完成这项任务，并可能在实验中实现数据采集及整个实验过程的自动化。我们利用ＨＰ１０００／Ａ７００计算机－ＨＰ２２５０－测控装置－压力传感器－高速扫描阀组成的测量控制系统，在超音速风洞内对激波／湍流边界层干扰产生的流场进行了快速多点压力数据采集，并取得了可靠的结果。本文对测试和校正过程中的程序设计、测试方法和应用经验进行了介绍。     

三维激波／湍流边界层干扰产生的起始分离的预测

本文对由平板上直立尖劈产生的激波/湍流边界层干扰引起的起始分离进行了研究,提出了一种预测起始分离条件的方法。边界层内的分析采用了Johnston的三角形模型,边界层外主流分析则利用了Prandtl-Meyer函数。预测方法的结果表明与文献中的实验数据符合良好,而且比McCabe理论和Korkegi准则及Lu的半经验关系有更好的物理基础。     

日冕边界条件与太阳风共转相互作用

本文根据第二十太阳周太阳风数据的统计分析结果,用太阳风二维理想流体模型探讨近太阳区的不同边界条件太阳风与共转相互作用对1AU处太阳风各参数影响,得到共转相互作用不能引起太阳风速度和马赫数的反相扰动,推断在太阳风加速区温度扰动对太阳风的影响最大,而在太阳风传播区速度扰动对太阳风的影响最大.     

悬停及前飞状态下旋翼／机身的气动力干扰

为了获得施旋翼／机身的气动力干扰概念，利用ＢＯ－１０５旋翼模型和Ｚ－９机身模型在气动中心８米×６米风洞进行了悬停及前飞实验。结果表明，旋翼与机身之间的气动力干扰，主要是旋翼下洗尾流对机身气动力的影响。悬停时，下洗尾流使机身产生负升力、俯仰力矩和偏航力矩。等拉力系数配平前飞时，由于旋翼下洗尾流的向后偏斜，对机身法向力的干扰百分比比悬停时小，对机身偏航力矩和俯仰力矩仍有影响，并产生了侧向力干扰。机身的存在，悬停时使旋翼最大气动效率提高约１％；前一以时使旋翼总距操纵量平均减小约０．４°，前飞需用功率平均减小约１．３％。     

ΔDsat,a QB50 CubeSat mission to study rarefied-gas drag modelling

A CubeSat mission to study the impact of flow incidence angle, surface material and surface roughness on gas–surface interactions on spacecraft in low Earth orbits has been designed. To accomplish this scientific goal the CubeSat deploys a variable geometry aerofoil capable of exposing different surfaces to the flow at different incident angles. By using the on-board GPS measurements and an orbit determination technique the drag experienced by the CubeSat can be estimated. The CubeSat has been designed to be part of the QB50 mission, and hence it carries a sensor that can take in-situ measurements of the atmosphere. This is then used to estimate the atmospheric density and hence to extract information on the drag coefficient. To minimise any bias present in the measurement chain a differential approach is used. Therefore no absolute drag coefficients are estimated, instead, ratios of drag coefficients are computed. This allows direct comparisons of the drag coefficients of different materials, different surface roughness or different incident angles. Simulations indicate that this CubeSat mission will be able to obtain drag coefficient ratios with an uncertainty level of less than 5%.     

SETI implications of gravitational assist via chaotic trajectories of binary objects

Extrapolating from the technique of gravitational assist via chaotic trajectories of binary objects, this paper considers how such techniques might be used in other systems. We examine which types of systems are the best candidates for harvesting gravitational energy for payload ejection. We also consider what signatures might be present in either the asteroid orbits or radiation of the central body if extraterrestrial intelligences were to use such techniques about these candidate systems.The simulation studies show that current technology cannot approach the sensitivity needed to detect either of these signals. Instead, we provide these results as guidance to studies in coming decades on patterns that may indicate the use of an asteroid ejection system.     

Super rogue wave catalysis in Titan’s ionosphere

Super rogue ion-acoustic waves are proposed as a physical catalyst for the heavy hydrocarbon ions formation in the Titan ionosphere. We justified that analytically and numerically by probing a Titan referenced plasma system, consists of the most abundant positive ions and superthermal electrons. A solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) has provided us by the plasma (un) stable regions at altitude 900–1200 km from the Titan surface with superthermal parameter values, relative ion to electron densities, and temperature ratio variations. Our results are not only agreed with the Cassini data but also predict a chemistry independent approach for the heavy hydrocarbons’ formation conditions.     

中频雷达风场的双谱分析

对中纬度中频雷达１９９７年６月８２ｋｍ高度的小时平均风场数据进行了动态谱分析和双谱分析,得到了中层顶区域谱行为具有多样性和各向异性的特点,以及行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间相位相干的现象,讨论了中层顶行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间存在非线性相互作用的可能性。