三旋流燃烧室的数值模拟与试验

为研究三旋流高温升燃烧组织技术,借助CFD技术对三旋流单头部燃烧室进行了数值模拟,采用结构化网格生成技术、realizable k ε湍流模型、PDF（概率密度）燃烧模型等对其进行模拟计算,获得了燃烧室内流场和燃烧场分布及各方面的燃烧性能参数,同时试验研究了三旋流单头部燃烧室的火焰筒壁温、出口温度分布、燃烧效率、排气冒烟数。结果表明:三旋流燃烧室的温升高达1130K,燃烧效率超过99％,火焰筒壁温分布较好,冒烟数不高于20;所采用的数学模型合理、计算方法可行,与试验数据基本吻合,其结果可为三旋流燃烧室设计提供参考。      

三外涵变循环发动机性能数值模拟

与双外涵模式相比,三外涵变循环技术将使发动机工作范围更广,更易满足未来发动机的自适应要求,及更大提升飞机综合性能。在带核心机驱动风扇级(CDFS)双外涵变循环发动机性能仿真方法基础上,构建了前调节阀门、后调节阀门、第三外涵等的数学模型,开展了三外涵变循环发动机性能模拟方法研究,重点分析了三外涵变循环发动机的稳态性能。结果表明:相比单外涵和双外涵模式,三外涵模式总涵道比调节程度更大,发动机最大状态与亚声速巡航状态间的燃油经济性更明显。     

Comets, Asteroids and Zodiacal Light as Seen by Iso

ISO performed a large variety of observing programmes on comets, asteroids and zodiacal light – covering about 1% of the archived observations – with a surprisingly rewarding scientific return. Outstanding results were related to the exceptionally bright comet Hale–Bopp and to ISO's capability to study in detail the water spectrum in a direct way. But many other results were broadly recognised: Discovery of new molecules in comets, the studies of crystalline silicates, the work on asteroid surface mineralogy, results from thermophysical studies of asteroids, a new determination of the asteroid number density in the main-belt and last but not least, the investigations on the spatial and spectral features of the zodiacal light.     

System design of the Hayabusa 2—Asteroid sample return mission to 1999 JU3

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is currently developing the second asteroid sample return mission, designated as Hayabusa 2. Following the successful return of Hayabusa from the asteroid “Itokawa”, Hayabusa 2 is designed as a round-trip mission to the asteroid “1999 JU3”. The 1999 JU3 is a C-type asteroid, which is believed to contain organic matter and hydrated minerals. Thus, it is expected that successful sample collection will provide additional knowledge on the origin and evolution of the planets and, in particular, the origin of water and organic matter. The current mission scenario will enable the spacecraft to reach 1999 JU3 in the middle of 2018 and perform an asteroid proximity operation for 1.5 years. Three touch downs for sampling and one 2-m-class crater generation by means of a high-speed impact operation are planned during the asteroid proximity operation. The samples are to be brought back to the Earth by a re-entry capsule. The present paper describes the system design of Hayabusa 2, some key technical challenges of the mission, and the development status.     

A small mission for in situ exploration of a primitive binary near-Earth asteroid

We present a concept for a challenging in situ science mission to a primitive, binary near-Earth asteroid. A sub-400-kg spacecraft would use solar electric propulsion to rendezvous with the C-class binary asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3. A campaign of remote observations of both worlds would be followed by landing on the ∼1 km diameter primary to perform in situ measurements. The total available payload mass would be around 34 kg, allowing a wide range of measurement objectives to be addressed. This mission arose during 2004 from the activities of the ad-hoc Small Bodies Group of the DLR-led Planetary Lander Initiative. Although the particular mission scenario proposed here was not studied further per se, the experience was carried over to subsequent European asteroid mission studies, including first LEONARD and now the Marco Polo near-Earth asteroid sample return proposal for ESA’s Cosmic Vision programme. This paper may thus be of interest as much for insight into the life cycle of mission proposals as for the concept itself.     

拟人智能控制三级倒立摆机理的研究

从杂技顶杆演艺的机理出发,采用相平面分析法并结合人的控制经验,阐述一种比较直观的定性分析与定量估算相结合的拟人智能控制倒立摆方法,从而形成一级倒立摆的控制规律.在引入"等效小车"概念的基础上,易将一级倒立摆系统的分析方法推广到二级、三级(甚至更多级)倒立摆系统的分析.理论分析与实测结果是一致的,从而表明相平面这种定性的分析方法分析倒立摆是可行的.      

固液捆绑火箭发动机健康诊断技术

为使固液捆绑运载火箭发射更具有可靠性和安全性,本文首次提出了一种基于三冗余架构的芯级液体发动机健康诊断系统。在芯级液体发动机点火后,由箭上健康诊断系统根据红线算法对发动机状态进行诊断,确认液体发动机状态正常后再进行固体发动机点火。通过地面发动机试车及飞行试验考核,结果表明:该发动机健康诊断系统设计正确,能够及时有效地检测液体发动机工作状态,且未发生误警报或漏警报。     

三模冗余对SRAM型FPGA寄存器上电状态的影响分析

SRAM型FPGA容易受到空间辐射环境引起的单粒子翻转效应影响,造成软件在轨故障进而影响任务成败,因此在空间应用时普遍采用三模冗余技术进行设计加固来提高软件可靠性。使用Xilinx TMRTool工具实现SRAM型FPGA的三模冗余是目前流行的三模冗余实现方式,该方式无需额外编写代码,简化了设计师的工作。分析了Xilinx TMRTool对软件网表文件的改变流程和机理,对比了三模冗余处理前后FPGA寄存器的不同布局布线结果,分析了三模冗余工具对寄存器置位和复位的影响,给出了以SRAM型FPGA为核心控制器的产品设计建议。     

千兆三余度AFDX 帧管理的形式化建模与验证

为了提升新一代航空电子全双工交换以太网（AFDX）网络的传输速率和余度设计可靠性,在AFDX 网络标准的基础上（ARINC 664 p7）,建立千兆三余度AFDX 网络的帧管理机制模型并进行了形式化建模, 而且实现了AFDX 网络标准中描述的SkewMax 机制。使用UPPAAL 形式化工具对千兆三余度AFDX 网络帧 管理机制进行形式化验证,验证帧管理机制的完整性检查及冗余管理功能的可用性。结果表明,千兆三余度 AFDX 网络帧传输过程中不存在死锁。此外,针对标准AFDX 的冗余管理中一个帧的丢失可能会导致其冗余备 份的丢失的现象,提出在接收端设置一个队列,记录那些比连续帧更晚到达的冗余备份的帧序号,从而减少不 必要的丢帧,提高QoS 和数据完整性。形式化验证的结果可以作为千兆AFDX 网络标准制定和实际应用的参考。     

Effects of RRA Treatments on Microstructures and Properties of a New High-strength Aluminum-Lithium Alloy-2A97

A new high strength 2A97 Al-Cu-Li-X alloy was subjected to triple-aging of retrogression and re-aging treatments (RRA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests were used to investigate the effects of RRA treatment on the microstructures and properties. DSC test reveals the reversion temperature range of the strengthening δ' (Al3Li)phase. The results show that the microstructure consists of δ' (Al3Li) phase, T1 (Al2CuLi) phase and θ"/θ'(Al2Cu) phase for 2A97 alloy treated by a triple-aging ora retrogression and re-aging treatment in the following order: (1) at 165 ℃×30 min, (2) at 220 ℃ or 240 ℃×15 min, (3) at 165 ℃×24 h. The plastic deformation, incorporated into the treatment after secondary high temperature aging, promotes the T1 precipitation during final re-aging. The tensile properties of the alloy treated by the retrogression and re-aging treatment reach the peak level of alloy single-aged at 165 ℃ in T6 temper.