小天体附近的轨道动力学研究综述

小天体附近的轨道动力学是现代天体力学的一个重要研究方向,包含着丰富的物理现象和深刻的数学内涵;随着一系列小行星实地探测任务的深入开展,理解小天体附近的轨道运动规律也成为航天领域所面对的众多挑战之一。回顾了小天体研究和探测的历程,分析了小天体附近轨道动力学问题的基本特点和科学价值;详细介绍了航天动力学、行星学和非线性科学三个学科领域对该问题的讨论和研究进展,并列举了各领域中相关的热点问题;基于对上述研究现状的分析,尝试展望了该研究方向未来的发展趋势。     

基于433 Eros的多面体引力模型精度与运行时间研究

基于Planetary Data System(PDS)公布的433 Eros多面体模型,使用多面体模型法计算了433 Eros的表面引力加速度分布情况,并研究了该方法在不同精度的多面体模型下的计算时间和误差。实验结果表明:1)多面体模型法的时间复杂度为O(n);2)在以433 Eros为目标天体的着陆导航与制导控制相关仿真计算中,使用面数为22 540的多面体模型进行引力加速度计算,可以同时满足计算速度和精度的要求,并且由于计算速度接近实时,可用于半物理仿真实验中。     

改善三元子阵测距精度方法研究

在水声领域,三元子阵测距、目标运动分析(TMA)和匹配场处理(MFP)是被动噪声测距的3种主要技术。文中以三元子阵测距声呐为研究对象,从波束形成、相关系数处理、测向精度改进等方面讨论提高时延估计精度的方法,对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Present-day deformation in São Jorge Island,Azores, from episodic GPS measurements (2001–2011)

A network of geodetic markers for high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying was established in 2001 in the island of São Jorge, at the Azores triple junction, where the North America–Eurasia–Nubia plates meet. The aim was to monitor tectonic, volcanic, and landslide-induced surface deformation in an active tectono-volcanic region. The network consisted of 17 stations, and was occupied in 2001, 2004, and 2010. GPS observations from the three episodic campaigns were analyzed using the latest geophysical models and geodetic procedures to generate a velocity field for São Jorge Island.     

A sample collector for robotic sample return missions I: Temperature effect on collected mass

Sample return is playing an increasingly important role in solar system exploration. Among the possible mission on the horizon, are sample return from asteroids, comets, the Moon and Mars. A collector initially intended for near-Earth asteroids is the touch-and-go-impregnable-pad (TGIP). Here we explore the effect of temperature on its collection capabilities. Temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroid mission targets range from −43 to 36 °C. Experiments were conducted at −75, −50, −25, 23, 65, and 105 °C. It was found that the mass of sample collected by the TGIP increased almost linearly to 23 °C and then leveled off at higher temperatures. We also found that the collector did not lose its ability to collect samples after being subjected to −75 °C temperatures (essentially frozen) and then thawed. These experiments have shown that the TGIP can operate effectively at temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroids, especially if collection is performed on the sunward side of the asteroid.     

A sample collector for robotic sample return missions II: Radiation tests

Sample return from small solar system objects is playing an increasingly important part in solar system exploration. Critical to such missions is a robust, simple, and economic sample collector. We have developed a collector such as this for near-Earth asteroid sample return missions that we have termed the Touch-and-Go Impregnable Pad (TGIP). The collector utilizes a silicone substrate that is pushed into the dust and gravel surface layer of the asteroid. As part of a systematic evaluation of the TGIP, we have investigated the resilience of this substrate to ionizing radiations. Several miniature versions of the collector, containing typically ∼3 g of the collection substrate, were exposed to 0.564 MeV beta particles from a ⁹⁰Sr source and a 6 MeV electron beam in a linear accelerator to simulate the wide range of energies of solar and galactic ionizing radiation. Various radiation levels up to eight times greater than expected on a six-year asteroid mission (in the case of beta radiation) and 50 times greater than expected (in the case of the 6 MeV electron radiation) were administered to the substrate. After irradiation, the efficiency of the substrate in collecting samples of mock regolith was compared with that of collectors that had not been irradiated. No difference beyond experimental uncertainty was observed and we suggest that the operational TGIP will not be affected adversely by radiation doses expected during a typical six-year inner solar system mission.     

受限空间内三级旋流流场和燃烧性能研究

为研究受限空间内三级旋流器流场特征和对应的燃烧性能,对不同方案三级旋流器开展了试验和仿真研究,分析了2种典型流场（贴壁流场和锥形流场）特性及其对火焰形态、燃烧室性能指标的影响。结果表明,通过控制三级孔特征可实现三级旋流器下游贴壁流场和锥形流场之间的转变。三级孔为30°时,旋流器的高湍动能有利于强化燃油雾化,同时形成贴壁的大尺寸回流区有利于燃油在主燃区的空间扩散和均匀分布,能够改善燃烧室点熄火性能,但会导致主燃区火焰筒壁温较高。     

小行星与陨石的光谱联系

Bus-DeMeo光谱分类系统中有24种小行星光谱类型以及约27种陨石矿物学类型。小行星和陨石之间的光谱联系在质量和可靠性上差异很大原因主要是某些矿物学中缺乏诊断特征和空间风化作用。将回顾从可见光和近红外光谱中远程获取的小行星矿物学信息,讨论如何从地质学家的角度理解小行星的光谱辨识。     

Multi-objective evolutionary design of selective triple modular redundancy systems against SEUs

To improve the reliability of spaceborne electronic systems,a fault-tolerant strategy of selective triple modular redundancy(STMR)based on multi-objective optimization and evolvable hardware(EHW)against single-event upsets(SEUs)for circuits implemented on field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs)based on static random access memory(SRAM)is presented in this paper.Various topologies of circuit with the same functionality are evolved using EHW firstly.Then the SEU-sensitive gates of each circuit are identified using signal probabilities of all the lines in it,and each circuit is hardened against SEUs by selectively applying triple modular redundancy(TMR)to these SEU-sensitive gates.Afterward,each circuit hardened has been evaluated by SEU Simulation,and the multi-objective optimization technology is introduced to optimize the area overhead and the number of functional errors of all the circuits.The proposed fault-tolerant strategy is tested on four circuits from microelectronics center of North Carolina(MCNC)benchmark suite.The experimental results show that it can generate innovative trade-off solutions to compromise between hardware resource consumption and system reliability.The maximum savings in the area overhead of the STMR circuit over the full TMR design is 58%with the same SEU immunity.