地月Halo与DRO支持的往返月球任务轨道

面向未来载人月球与深空探测任务需求,针对地月系统中低能往返环月轨道与平动点轨道的转移设计问题进行研究,在不同三体轨道下系统分析了环月轨道变化对任务飞行时间与燃料消耗等关键参数的影响,并提出月球往返轨道初值猜想搜索策略。为解决设计变量初值敏感性问题,结合空间不变流形与目标平动点轨道构型特性,采用微分修正算法快速构造初始转移轨迹。在同时考虑近月点与燃料最优转移多约束条件下,通过多重配点打靶法与序列二次规划算法对环月轨道与平动点轨道间往返轨迹进一步研究,并推导了约束方程的梯度公式提高计算效率。为分析往返轨道特性与验证设计策略的有效性,针对不同环月轨道倾角、三体轨道幅值等参数变化与转移时间、燃耗的关系进行分析,设计结果对探月飞行器近月空间部署往返轨道设计及参数选取具有重要的参考意义。     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

Satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning using BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 multi-frequency signals

To realize the smooth transition from regional BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) to the global one (BDS-3), the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3 is important for providing continuous, stable and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for global users. This work used 154 globally distributed multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) experiment stations spanning 30 days to analyze the satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning (UC-PPP) under current BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations. We focused on three issues: the influence of BDS-3 receiver tracking abilities, the positioning performance among different areas, and the benefit of multi-frequency observations. The results show that the elliptical zone caused by poor BDS-2 satellite visibility is disappeared when the evenly distributed BDS-3 medium earth orbit satellites are introduced. When BDS-3 are integrated with BDS-2, the area with the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) less than 2 can be expanded to 75° S-75° N and 30° E-150° W. The positioning performance of BDS-3 and BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP are seriously affected by the receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3 signals. When the maximum pseudo-random noise sequences (PRNs) of BDS-3 satellites tracked by stations are within 30 or 37, the positioning accuracy of static UC-PPP can be improved by 22.94% or 8.27% due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Besides, the most improvement of BDS-2 and BDS-3 integration is achieved in Asia-Pacific regions, especially for the kinematic UC-PPP or the poor receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3. Similar to the multi-frequency BDS-2 UC-PPP, the benefit of multi-frequency signals for BDS-3 or BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP is also non-vital. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS-2/BDS-3 multi-frequency UC-PPP in static mode and kinematic mode are 2.24 cm and 5.39 cm, while the corresponding convergence time are 49.62 min and 73.80 min, respectively. Compared with BDS-2, both the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of BDS-2/BDS-3 joint UC-PPP are improved by approximately over 50%, which indicates that BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality PNT services as other global navigation satellite systems.     

高超声速气动加热关联方法的适应性分析

针对高超声速飞行器热环境预测上有着重要应用的关联方法缺乏构造机制和适应性分析的问题，从驻点热流的Kemp-Riddell公式出发，推导了驻点斯坦顿数和雷诺数之间的经典关联关系，从理论上分析了上述关系的适应性。结果显示斯坦顿数和雷诺数关联关系受马赫数的制约，飞行条件和试验条件马赫数变化范围较大的情况下，更适合采用雷诺数和马赫数的组合变量开展关联分析。当试验来流静焓较低的情况下，过低静焓对热环境的关联特性有不利影响，需要提高试验来流马赫数，远离临界马赫数确保地面数据同飞行条件之间的关联性。在国内4座风洞上开展的风洞试验和DSMC/CFD的数值仿真分析工作，校验了上述结论在连续流区域的正确性。     

NiAl（Fe）体系热爆反应延滞时间的研究

在提出热爆反应着火判据的基础上,对ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）体系的热爆过程进行了实验研究。对工艺参数如混合物的相对密度、Ａｌ粉的相对含量、Ａｌ粉粒度、加热速率、Ｆｅ的相对含量对热爆点温度和热爆延滞时间的影响做了分析。结果表明,对于反应物配比和混合物相对密度而言,均存在一最佳值,此时热爆反应速率最大,延滞时间最短     

CE5T拓展试验轨道精度分析

针对嫦娥5T服务舱(CE5T)拓展试验中的绕地大椭圆轨道,分析了轨道动力学演化趋势,通过测轨数据类型组合策略分析了统一S频段测量(USB)和甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)在定轨中的贡献,得到了百米级的精密定轨精度;针对地月第二平动点(L2)绕飞轨道,分析了地心和月心积分的轨道动力学差异,制定了精密定轨的参数求解策略,得到了百米级的精密定轨精度;针对月球交会对接轨道的特点,选取三种不同的重力场模型定轨,比较了三者在轨道预报和数据拟合的差异,并与嫦娥3号(CE3)环月轨道的定轨精度进行比对,验证了不同重力场的适用范围,从计算精度和效率两方面制定了优化的定轨策略。     

航天器总装精度测量方法分析

航天器总装精度测量是指测量有安装精度要求的仪器的坐标系相对于整星坐标系的位置和姿态。文章介绍了总装精度测量的两类方法,即通过立方镜镜面法线和中心点测量的方法以及通过星体和被测仪器上特征点测量的方法,文章对两类方法作了数学分析,并对各自的应用作了比较。     

地月平动点轨道应用与研究进展

面向未来月球和深空探测任务的需求,调研了地月平动点应用与研究的国内外现状与进展,着重分析了近年来的研究方向、研究内容、技术方法与特点,提出了面向未来月球和深空探测任务的地月平动点应用构想,梳理总结了需解决的相应关键技术,可为未来平动点相关研究与应用提供有益借鉴,以及为我国后续月球和深空探测任务的规划与论证提供参考。     

天问一号环绕器中继轨道受摄共振特性分析

“天问一号”环绕器在环火中继轨道为“祝融”火星车提供中继服务时,星下点出现了过着陆点纬度时的经度先增大再减小的特殊漂移现象,需要对该现象产生的原因进行深入分析。基于摄动理论设计了一系列数值实验,提出了一种星下点过指定纬度时经度的简化计算方法;并结合对田谐项引力场位函数的解析推导发现,由于中继轨道周期与火星自转周期比接近1:3,导致3阶3次田谐项产生了轨道共振,从而使得半长轴长周期运动有着较为显著的振荡,进而与带谐项摄动联合导致了该特殊现象。研究揭示了“天问一号”环绕器的轨道共振现象,发现了高阶田谐项对非同步轨道上的环火卫星仍能产生较为明显的轨道共振现象。研究结果可为后续火星环绕探测任务轨道设计提供重要参考。     

一维镜像综合孔径的近场相位校正方法

镜像综合孔径微波辐射成像的原理基于远场条件推导,不适用于近场成像。为了解决近场条件下的镜像综合孔径成像问题,本文推导了近场双天线互相关表达式,发现近场双天线互相关可以表示为远场双天线互相关与近场相位因子的乘积。校正该相位因子后,即可使用反余弦变换进行近场亮温重建,从而解决了近场条件下的成像问题。本文提出了两种基于外部点源的近场相位校正方法,并分别对点源目标及展源目标进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:校正后的亮温重建误差较小,从而验证了这两种方法的有效性。