航天器相对运动的运动学模型研究

采用运动学方法研究航天器的相对运动.通过对无摄精确相对运动模型的简化,推导了以纬度幅角和平近点角为变量的无摄相对运动方程,并以此模型为基础建立了J2摄动下的相对运动模型,进行了相对轨道的仿真以及模型分析.仿真结果表明,运动学方法能给出较精确的相对运动方程,并且考虑摄动时,采用运动学描述比较简单.     

基于改进蚁群算法的低空突防航迹规划

为保证低空突防的成功率,在航迹规划时必须设计出以最小的被发现概率及可接受的航程为目标的航迹.蚁群算法ACA(Ant Colony Algorithm)作为一种新型的模拟进化算法,适合用于航迹规划中最优航迹的搜索,但是算法存在搜索时间长、收敛速度慢、易陷于局部最优解的缺点,为了克服算法自身不足,提高算法性能,引入了遗传算法中变异操作和挥发系数的自适应调节,从而形成改进蚁群算法,最后结合建立的航迹规划性能指标,利用等概率寻优、原有蚁群算法和改进蚁群算法3种方法分别进行航迹规划,并通过比较和分析结果的时间花费和航路代价,验证了改进蚁群算法的有效性.      

悬停状态下直升机旋翼水滴撞击特性研究

介绍了直升机在悬停状态下,求解旋翼水滴撞击特性的数值方法.该方法根据直升机悬停状态下的准定常特性,对旋翼运动模型进行简化,并在对绕桨叶运动的气流场计算的基础上,采用有限差分方法求解水滴运动方程,得到水滴运动轨迹.进而,确定了水滴对旋翼表面的撞击特性参数,为旋翼防冰系统设计提供条件.最后,对NACA0012翼型的水滴撞击特性进行分析.      

一类受周期扰动航天器的混沌姿态运动

研究了航天器从绕最小惯量主轴到最大惯量主轴旋转的姿态机动过程中的混沌现象。考虑到航天器内部或外部的振动部件的影响,假设两个主轴的转动惯量为时间的周期函数,同时还考虑了航天器内结构阻尼以及稀薄气体阻力的影响。应用高维的Melnikov方法,求解姿态机动过程中产生混沌的条件的解析表达式,且得到的阀值条件是扰动系统参数的函数。最后对该阀值条件进行了数值验证。     

导弹拋壳问题的分析

本文对导弹拋壳问题进行了分析,在两个基本假设下采用 CMCAFT 方法对抛壳过程进行了计算,结果表明,抛壳过程与母弹的攻角、转速有关,同时也与壳片的重心位置、楔襟情况、开启类型、脱离时的开启角以及铰链情况有关。     

Simulation study of motion of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere

This article aims to understand the motion of the charged particles trapped in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. The emphasis is on identifying the numerical scheme, which is appropriate to characterize the trajectories of the charged particles of different energies that enter the Earth’s magnetosphere and get trap along the magnetic field lines. These particles perform three different periodic motions, namely: gyration, bounce, and azimuthal drift. However, often, the gyration of the particle is ignored, and only the guiding center of the particle is traced to reduce the computational time. It is because the simulation of all three motions (gyro, bounce, and drift) together needed a robust numerical scheme, which has less numerical dissipation. We have developed a three-dimensional test particle simulation model in which the relativistic equation of motion is solved numerically using the fourth and sixth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The stability of the simulation model is verified by checking the conservation of total kinetic energy and adiabatic invariants linked with each type of motion. We found that the sixth-order Runge-Kutta method is suitable to trace the complete trajectories of both proton and electron of a wide energy range, 5 keV to 250 MeV for L = 2 – 6. We have estimated the bounce and drift periods from the simulations, and they are found to be in good agreement with the theory. The study implies that a simulation model with sixth-order Runge-Kutta method can be applied to the time-vary, non-analytical form of magnetic configuration in future studies to understand the dynamics of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere.     

基于模糊理论的跳跃轨迹多目标优化设计

针对探月返回跳跃轨迹的多目标优化设计问题,提出了一种基于模糊理论的优化设计方法,并对非线性隶属度函数对优化结果的影响进行了研究.首先,将连续的无限维优化问题进行离散化,转化为非线性规划问题;其次,用隶属度函数将各个子目标进行模糊化,将多目标优化问题转化为求模糊判决隶属度函数的最大值问题;最后,求解经过模糊化的非线性规划问题.分析了探月返回跳跃轨迹的特性,表明模糊多目标优化更能体现决策者的偏好.构造了具有不同凹凸性、不同形状的非线性隶属度函数,比较了它们对优化结果的影响,结果表明隶属度函数影响多目标模糊优化结果的首要因素是隶属度函数的凹凸性.     

Properties of transit trajectory in the restricted three and four-body problem

In the restricted three-body problem if the Jacobi constant is just below the value corresponding to Lagrangian point only a little neck exists around the equilibrium point and capture trajectories are indicated as low-energy. Capture properties depend on the dynamics around these critical points and qualitative results can be obtained using linearized systems. In this paper, to study transit trajectory properties in the restricted three and four-body problem, the Earth–Moon–Sun–Satellite system is considered as example and studied using different models. In the circular restricted three-body problem (Earth–Moon–Satellite), transit, non transit and asymptotic trajectories, are easily identified by using the principal reference frame. Dynamics around Lagrangian point are then studied introducing the Moon eccentricity into the elliptical restricted three-body model. A preferential region for transit orbit is individuated and studied as a function of eigenvalue properties. To introduce the Sun effect, the bi-circular four-body model is considered and dynamics around Lagrangian points studied as a function of angular distance between Earth–Sun and Earth–Moon line. Finally, results obtained in the elliptical three-body model and bi-circular four-body model, are compared with numerical simulations using real Sun–Moon–Earth ephemeris.     

高超声速典型弹道下的壁板热气动弹性动力学分析

对高超声速流中带有热防护系统（TPS）的二维壁板进行了热气动弹性的双向耦合建模与分析,采用三阶活塞理论计算气动力,通过参考焓法获得气动热流,在有限差分法的基础上进行结构热传导计算,拟合了结构材料特性随温度退化的曲线,最后将气动热模块、气动弹性模块进行双向耦合以考虑气动热与结构形变之间的相互反馈,并在2种典型弹道状态下进行热气动弹性响应分析。结果表明,在X-34A的设计弹道下,双向耦合分析会引起更加剧烈的热应力与热弯矩的变化与较长的瞬态混沌过程。在FALCON弹道下,双向耦合得到的结果加热更为剧烈,而温度下降的过程也更快。对比2种弹道发现,长时间的高超声速飞行更容易引发颤振,而机动性较强的弹道面临的主要问题则是屈曲,需要考虑材料的应力及强度特性。同时说明了双向耦合策略对于现代飞行器在弹道状态下工作的热气弹响应分析的必要性。     

盘旋跟踪地面目标小型无人机控制系统设计

针对一种大展弦比、V形尾翼常规布局小型无人机盘旋跟踪地面目标飞行的飞行控制策略进行了研究.采用了一种单轴光电探测系统修正视场纵向误差,无人机航向控制修正视场横向误差的控制方法.设计了一种自适应PID(Proportion Integration Differention)控制器,并通过对无人机六自由度非线性运动模型的建模分析,进行了控制律的仿真验证,并将算法融合在盘旋跟踪飞行实验中.仿真及实际飞行实验结果表明:该控制系统在突风等大扰动的影响下获得了良好的动态性能指标,并有效地抑制了飞机姿态通道对视轴通道的耦合影响,满足了飞行任务的需求.