航空发动机燃烧室火焰筒设计验证方法研究

以某型航空发动机燃烧室为物理模型,改进了计算火焰筒流量分配的流阻法,并对其进行验证,结果冷却空气量的相对误差为5．7%;采用多项式拟合法计算了火焰筒燃气总温沿轴向分布。得到了主燃区总温和燃烧室出口总温,并采用燃烧效率法对其进行了验证,二者的相对误差分别为4．4％和1％。结果表明：在初始设计阶段,采用改进的流阻法和多项式拟合法验证火焰筒的沿程空气流量分配和沿程燃气总温合理有效。     

再入飞行器鼻锥逆向喷流对流场及气动热的影响

 使用计算流体力学（CFD）方法研究逆向喷流热防护系统对降低再入飞行器鼻锥物面热流的效果,获得了流场参数,回流再附点位置,物面压力分布以及热流分布。分析了逆向喷流对降低物面热流的物理机理,喷流通过与来流相互作用形成马赫盘,将来流导流到四周,不与物面直接作用形成气动加热,同时喷流回流形成低温区,降低物面与接触气体的温差,进而降低了物面热流。随着总压比率增大,这种效果越明显,气动加热越轻。为更合理分析喷流强度对流场及传热量的影响,将总压比率和流量相结合,提出了新的参数R PA。分析该参数的应用效果,结果发现不同的流量与总压比率组合成相同的参数R PA,可以实现相同的激波位置、再附点位置、表面热流峰值位置和总传热量。这说明该参数可用于表征喷流强度,用以分析喷流对流场及传热量的影响。     

温度对溶剂热改性C/C复合材料显微结构和氧化性能的影响

以硼酸三正丁酯、乙酸、B2O3粉体为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用一种新颖的溶胶/凝胶结合溶剂热法对C/C复合材料基体进行了抗氧化改性.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性后试样进行了表征.重点研究了溶剂热反应温度对改性后试样的物相组成、微观结构和氧化性能的影响.结果表明:经过溶剂热改性处理后,C/C复合材料表面缺陷被玻璃相B2O3组成的涂层所覆盖,材料内部一部分孔隙也被B2O3相填充,且随着溶剂热温度的上升,试样表面的微裂纹逐渐消失,B2O3涂层的致密度上升;C/C基体的抗氧化性能随着溶剂热改性温度(范围353～433 K)的升高而提高;经433 K溶剂热改性后的C/C复合材料在873 K的空气中氧化16 h后的质量损失仅为4.09％.     

电阻法诊断碳布/环氧树脂复合材料压缩损伤

采用电阻法与声发射技术研究了压缩载荷对不同规格的碳布/环氧树脂复合材料的影响,得出电阻法诊断复合材料压缩损伤的依据。试验结果表明,当受到压缩载荷作用时,碳布/环氧树脂复合材料中的导电网络会发生变化,从而引起复合材料电阻的变化。同时,复合材料的声发射能量会增加。当电阻变化幅度超过一定值时,则可诊断复合材料中存在压缩损伤。电阻法诊断复合材料压缩损伤能够提高复合材料的使用安全性能。     

浅析影响高模量碳纤维/ 树脂基复合材料力学性能的因素

为提高高模量碳纤维复合材料的力学性能,研究改性氰酸酯、5228、4211与碳纤维结合面结合性能.用SEM、AFM、微脱粘仪、万能力学试验机等仪器设备,观察了碳纤维表面微观形貌、树脂基体与碳纤维结合面微观粘接情况,并对复合材料的宏观力学性能进行分析研究.结果表明,高模量碳纤维随着模量的提高,袁层的缺陷与沟槽减少、表面活性降低,与树脂的结合面粘接强度减弱;改性氰酸酯与纤维的结合面粘接性能较好、5228次之、4211较差;树脂与纤维结合面粘接强度大的,其复合材料的力学性能好.     

先进燃烧室分配器式扩压器实验研究

针对高性能航空发动机燃烧室进口马赫数不断提高,同时先进燃烧组织对流量分配及头部空气动力学的要求,设计出一种适用于可变几何燃烧室的新型燃烧室扩压装置一分配器式扩压器.通过试验研究,重点研究了分配器式扩压器的总压损失与马赫数以及面积比的关系,分配式扩压器挡板对流场的影响.结果表明:当马赫数为0.359时总压损失为3.57％,这说明扩压器总压损失符合要求;存在一个面积比1.6～2.1使得扩压器出口流畅分布均匀;挡板可以改变流场分布和入口压力参数.     

Calibration errors in determining slant Total Electron Content (TEC) from multi-GNSS data

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is presently a powerful tool for sensing the Earth's ionosphere. For this purpose, the ionospheric measurements (IMs), which are by definition slant total electron content biased by satellite and receiver differential code biases (DCBs), need to be first extracted from GNSS data and then used as inputs for further ionospheric representations such as tomography. By using the customary phase-to-code leveling procedure, this research comparatively evaluates the calibration errors on experimental IMs obtained from three GNSS, namely the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the European Galileo. On the basis of ten days of dual-frequency, triple-GNSS observations collected from eight co-located ground receivers that independently form short-baselines and zero-baselines, the IMs are determined for each receiver for all tracked satellites and then for each satellite differenced for each baseline to evaluate their calibration errors. As first derived from the short-baseline analysis, the effects of calibration errors on IMs range, in total electron content units, from 1.58 to 2.16, 0.70 to 1.87, and 1.13 to 1.56 for GPS, Galileo, and BDS, respectively. Additionally, for short-baseline experiment, it is shown that the code multipath effect accounts for their main budget. Sidereal periodicity is found in single-differenced (SD) IMs for GPS and BDS geostationary satellites, and the correlation of SD IMs over two consecutive days achieves the maximum value when the time tag is around 4?min. Moreover, as byproducts of zero-baseline analysis, daily between-receiver DCBs for GPS are subject to more significant intra-day variations than those for BDS and Galileo.     

2.4m跨声速风洞流场预测自抗扰控制

针对2.4 m跨声速风洞总压和马赫数控制具有强耦合、时滞、系统参数摄动和外界干扰不确定性等特点，设计了预测自抗扰控制。采用自抗扰控制（ADRC），将总压和马赫数两个通道之间的耦合、流场建模误差、系统的参数摄动和外界干扰等视为总干扰，通过扩张状态观测器（ESO）将总干扰估算出来并进行前馈补偿，一方面可以实现总压和马赫数的解耦控制，另一方面提高了流场的抗干扰能力。同时使用Smith预估器得到系统无时延输出并将其反馈至扩张状态观测器，加快其收敛速度，从而提高控制系统的性能。仿真结果表明，该控制器能够很好地实现总压和马赫数的解耦，并且具有良好的动态特性、抗干扰能力和鲁棒性。     

磁力研磨法去除燃油喷嘴积碳的试验研究

针对燃油喷嘴大修再制造中积碳难去除的问题。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析喷嘴表面积碳的微观形貌和成分组成，为磁力研磨技术去除积碳方法的确定和工艺研究奠定基础。从旋转磁场的产生原理、磁针在磁场中受力和磁针在磁场中运动三方面综合分析了磁力研磨法的材料去除机理。采用电磁研磨装置对喷嘴进行积碳去除试验，运用响应面分析法分析旋转磁场转速、磁针的型号尺寸和研磨时间的交互作用对材料去除量和表面粗糙度的影响规律，确定试验的最佳工艺参数。最优的工艺参数为：磁针型号尺寸Ø0.8 mm×5 mm，旋转磁场转速1 000 r/min，研磨时间40 min。通过微观形貌的观测以及表面应力检测分析，综合评价研磨后的喷嘴表面质量。结果表明，研磨后的喷嘴表面积碳基本去除，表面光滑，残余应力明显下降，金相组织完好。经过专业测试，研磨后的残余积碳小于技术要求规定值。采用磁力研磨技术，可以有效去除燃油喷嘴表面积碳，去除效率高，技术环保，满足绿色再制造的要求。     

Improving the modeling of bottomside thickness parameters over midlatitudes and high latitudes

This paper investigates bottomside thickness parameters at Digisonde stations over midlatitude and high latitude regions, and compares the diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity variations in 2014 and 2009. The geographic latitudes of high latitude considered in this work are located beyond ±60° and those of midlatitude are located between ±40° and ±60°. The IRI-modeled B0 with ABT-2009 option (B0_IRI) are also examined and compared with four kinds of the B0 values, i.e., the observed B0 (B0_obs) from GIRO, the computed B0 following to Jamjareegulgarn et al. (2017a) (B0_old), the calculated B0 with a correction factor regarding to Jamjareegulgarn et al. (2017b) (B0_new), and the B0 with an average correction factor (B0_new_c_av). The average correction factors are proposed additionally in this work so as to assist occasionally the experimental B0 nonexistence of Digisonde which are equal to 0.2658 and 0.2058 for midlatitudes and high latitudes, respectively. Results show that the diurnal variations of B0_new and B0_new_c_av are in a good agreement with those of B0_obs evidently compared with those of B0_IRI and B0_old at every station during the three seasons over high and middle latitudes. During the three seasons, the diurnal variations of B0_new_c_av show similar trends and are close to one another with the B0_obs and the B0_new with small deviations. The differences between the B0obs and the B0_new_c_av also show similar trends and are close to one another with those between the B0obs and the B0_new. In contrast, the B0_IRI with ABT-2009 option seems to predict the B0 values poorly during the three seasons at high latitudes and some seasons at midlatitudes. The proposed B0_new is useful for computing approximately the observed B0 and the ionogram-based total electron content (ITEC) of Digisonde, and the plasma scale height over midlatitudes and high latitudes.