Behavior of the equivalent slab thickness over three European stations

The total electron content (TEC) derived from the global positioning system (GPS) and the F2-layer peak electron density obtained from Digisonde data have been used to study the diurnal, seasonal and solar activity variations of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (τ) over three European stations located at Pruhonice (50.0°N, 15.0°E), Ebro (40.8°N, 0.5°E) and El Arenosillo (37.1°N, 353.3°E). The diurnal variation of the τ is characterized by daytime values lower than nighttime ones for all seasons at low solar activity while daytime values larger than nighttime characterizes the diurnal variation for summer at high solar activity. A double peak is noticeable at dusk and at dawn, better expressed for winter at low solar activity. The seasonal variations of τ depend on local time and solar activity, the daytime values of τ increases from winter to summer whereas nighttime values of τ show the opposite. The effect of the solar activity on τ depends on local time and season, there being very sensitive for winter nighttime values of τ. The results of this study are compared with those presented by other authors.     

单晶硅超精密车削加工脆塑转变机理及临界切削厚度的研究

通过分析单晶硅的纳米印压试验结果以及显微压痕透射电镜观察结果,并结合尺度效应理论,提出了一种新的单晶硅超精密切削脆塑转变机理,建立了宏微结合的单晶硅超精密切削模型。首次基于理论分析的方法给出了较为精确的单晶硅脆塑转变的临界切削厚度,并通过试验对研究结果给予验证。     

基于主动后缘小翼控制的旋翼厚度噪声试验

基于声压相消原理,提出了一种基于主动后缘小翼控制的旋翼厚度噪声降噪方法。基于Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)方法给出了后缘小翼主动控制条件下旋翼气动噪声的计算公式;进行了试验总体方案设计,在全消声室开展了噪声主动抑制的开环试验(扫频、扫相和扫幅),并与数值计算结果进行了对比,验证了计算方法及试验的有效性;分析了后缘小翼偏转参数(幅度、频率、初始相位)对旋翼厚度噪声降噪的影响规律;分析了观测距离对厚度噪声降噪的影响。试验结果表明:不同频率的偏转规律均有一个最优的初始控制相位,合适的偏转规律相位能有效降低桨盘平面内观测点的厚度噪声2～3 dB。     

FEM Analysis of Spring-backs in Age Forming of Aluminum Alloy Plates

The age forming technology, characterized by huge spring-backs, has been developed to manufacture large integral wing-skin panel parts, which necessitates devising a method of predicting spring-backs. A 7B04-T7451 aluminum alloy creep test in tension is accomplished at 155 ℃, and the creep curves are obtained. The material constants of the mechanism-based creep constitutive equations are determined through experiments. The age forming process and the spring-backs of 7B04 aluminum alloy plates are analyzed using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. The effects of plate thickness and forming time on spring-backs are researched. The spring-backs decrease with the increase of plate thickness and forming time. The test results verify the reliability of the finite element method （FEM） analysis.     

复合材料变厚度加筋板后屈曲耐久性/损伤容限一体化设计研究

在先进的复合材料飞机结构上大量采用复合材料加筋板这种结构形式。因此,本文着重研究了复合材料变厚度加筋板后屈曲、冲击损伤与冲击损伤对承载能力的影响,以及复合材料变厚度加筋板冲击损伤、后屈曲、耐久性/损伤容限设计一体化综合试验方法。最后,作者根据多年从事飞机型号结构设计经验,并结合本文的研究结果,总结出15项复合材料变厚度加筋板后屈曲耐久性/损伤容限一体化设计技术,以期对我国预研新机的复合材料飞机结构设计,对已研飞机的复合材料飞机结构改进、评定有所启示。     

焊接接头力学性能不均匀性的研究

研究１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ材料氩弧对接焊接头的力学性能不均匀性,用金相分析和微形剪切试验得到焊接接头上不同组织区的力学性能分布特性。结果表明,在熔合区组织不均匀性与力学性能不均匀性最为严重,是焊接接头最薄弱的环节。焊接接头的疲劳试验表明,初始裂纹一般发生在熔合区,同时焊接接头力学性能不均匀性会导致焊接接头疲劳寿命降低４０％～６０％     

高转速下轴承腔内壁油膜流动建模

结合国外已有试验工作,提出描述轴承腔壁面油膜运动的分析模型,并进行若干工况条件的影响分析.研究结果表明,轴承腔中油膜流动具有累积特点,表现出在排出口之间油膜厚度逐渐增大;旋转件转速的增加减小了壁面油膜厚度,但却提高了油膜平均速度;随着入口滑油流量的增加,壁面油膜厚度和平均速度都随之增加.理论分析及其与试验工作的比较都表明,提出的基于试验研究预测轴承腔中油膜运动物理状态的方法,对于在有限试验条件下研究轴承腔中壁面油膜运动机理、继而开展轴承腔内传热分析和润滑分析,是有价值的技术途径.      

γ-Re_(θt)-CF转捩模型在Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型中的推广及验证

横流(CF)不稳定性是三维流动中诱发转捩的一项非常重要的因素,考虑到γ-Reθt-CF转捩模型对流向Tollmien-Schlichting波和横流波不稳定性引起转捩的判定均是完全基于当地变量,且Spalart-Allmaras(SA)湍流模型计算效率高,因而将γ-Reθt-CF转捩模型与SA湍流模型相结合,并将其引入开源Standford University Unstructured(SU2)计算流体力学分析平台。为了考察和验证模型的预测精度,分别使用原始γ-Reθt模型和γ-Reθt-CF-SA模型,对NLF(2)-0415后掠翼型和标准6∶1椭球模型进行了转捩预测数值模拟。算例结果表明,γ-Reθt-CF-SA模型的计算结果与试验数据吻合程度远远优于原始γ-Reθt模型,γ-Reθt-CF-SA模型能正确地预测出三维流动中的横流不稳定性引起转捩的现象。     

Time-domain modeling of a cutter exiting a workpiece in the slot milling process

In a milling operation, there must be processes of a cutter entering and exiting the work-piece boundary. The cutter exit is usually in the feed direction and the dynamic response is different from that in the normal cutting process. This paper presents a new time-domain modeling of mechanics and dynamics of the cutter exit process for the slot milling process. The cutter is assumed to exit the workpiece for the first time with one tooth right in the feed direction. The dynamic chip thickness is summed up along the feed direction and compared with the remaining workpiece length in the feed direction to judge whether the cutter is ready to exit the workpiece or not. The developed model is then used for analyzing the cutting force and machining vibration in the cutter exit process. The developed mathematical model is experimentally validated by comparing the simulated forces and vibrations against the measured data collected from real slotting milling tests. The study shows that stable cutting parameters cannot guarantee stable cutting in a cutter exit process and further study can be performed to control the vibration amplitude in this specific process.     

大厚度复合材料层板结构损伤的热补仪修补工艺研究

针对飞机大厚度复合材料层板结构损伤,研究了修补材料MTM45-1与X850的标准热补仪修理工艺及材料X850的新型热补仪修理工艺的单次固化层数,并通过金相观察内部质量;分析了材料MTM45-1与X850修补大厚度损伤试验件的恢复情况。结果表明采用新型工艺修理的试验件的恢复质量良好,为修补大厚度复合材料结构件奠定了基础。