Soil moisture mapping over the Chinese Loess Plateau using ENVISAT/ASAR data

In this paper, we used the available algorithm for soil moisture estimation over LOPEX05 (the Loess Plateau land surface process Experiment (2005)) area. The available algorithm used ENVISAT/ASAR AP mode VV polarization observational data at a low incidence angle and ground measured soil moistures. The ground measurements were performed in the summer of the 2005 during the LOPEX05 field campaign. The validated results indicate that an average difference between the soil moistures estimated from the microwave remote sensing and ground measurements is less than 0.02 cm³/cm³, with a RMS error of 2.0%, and a maximum less than 0.04 cm³/cm³. The algorithm was applied to the surface soil moisture mapping later. The results show that this algorithm is suitable for monitoring soil moisture information of the agricultural fields over the Chinese Loess Plateau, when ground land cover situation and the resolution of imagery data are taken into account. However, we also find that there are large differences over the steep slope region, the edge of mesa. The results are not acceptable for surface soil moisture estimation in these regions. Thus, the surface soil moisture retrieval in the steep slope region of the Loess Plateau need to be further investigated in the future.     

基于最临界约束准则法的机翼主承力结构优化

利用最临界约束准则法对某型飞机机翼主承力结构在强度，位移，扭转角，稳定性和尺寸约束下，以最小重量为目标函数进行了优化，并在实际操作过程中依据机翼结构的复杂性对最临界约束准则法做了相应的修改。结果表明，应用最临界约束准则法进行机翼结构优化时，效率较高，机翼结构重量稳定下降，优化效果明显。     

Study of the 27-day variations of the galactic cosmic ray intensity and anisotropy

We demonstrate that the general features of the radial and azimuthal components of the anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays can be studied by the harmonic analysis method using data from an individual neutron monitor with cut off rigidity <5 GV. In particular, we study the characteristics of the 27-day (solar rotation period) variations of the galactic cosmic ray intensity and anisotropy, solar wind velocity, interplanetary magnetic field strength and sunspot number. The amplitudes of the 27-day variations of the galactic cosmic ray anisotropy are greater, and the phases more clearly established, in A > 0 polarity periods than in A < 0 polarity periods at times of minimum solar activity. The phases of the 27-day variations of the galactic cosmic rays intensity and anisotropy are opposite with respect to the similar changes of the solar wind velocity in A > 0 polarity periods. No significant dependence of the amplitude of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray anisotropy on the tilt angle of the heliospheric neutral sheet is found. Daily epicyclegrams obtained by Chree’s method show that the 27-day variations of the galactic cosmic ray anisotropy during A > 0 polarity periods follow elliptical paths with the major axes oriented approximately along the interplanetary magnetic field. The paths are more irregular during A < 0 polarity periods.     

一种计算隐身飞行器外形RCS的高精度快速算法

针对目前隐身飞行器外形雷达散射截面(RCS)难以准确计算的问题,提出了一种基于目标外形几何特征和矩量法的飞行器RCS算法.通过对矩量法阻抗矩阵元的理论分析,研究了物面感应电流随散射体表面曲率的变化规律,指出感应电流之间的耦合已成为影响隐身飞行器物面电流分布的重要因素,并且指出根据飞行器物面曲率分布可以预知强的感应电流耦合区域,利用这些强的电流耦合能够组成稀疏化的阻抗矩阵,从而实现飞行器RCS的快速求解.以金属双弧柱和典型隐身飞机外形为例,分析验证了物面曲率几何信息对计算结果精度的影响以及在提高计算效率方面的作用.数值结果表明该方法保持了与传统矩量法基本一致的计算精度,但计算时间仅为矩量法的7.2%.     

全面视角下“法律面前人人平等原则”的探讨

本文以全面视角审视了法律面前人人平等是什么，并就我们为什么需要法律面前人人平等原则，以及如何实现法律面前人人平等等问题进行了探讨。     

基于交叉验证的捷联惯导制导工具误差分离方法

在捷联惯导制导工具误差分离过程中引入交叉验证检验制导工具误差分离精度,并基于均方误差准则建立量化检验指标.首先建立简化的制导工具误差分离模型,并将数据划分成训练集和检验集;然后利用训练集进行制导工具误差分离;最后利用检验集和量化检验指标对分离效果进行检验.数学仿真表明,提出的误差分离模型正确可靠,精度较高,交叉验证能够对分离效果进行有效检验.     

浅析继续教育在区域经济发展中的作用

本文研究了继续教育对区域经济发展的重要意义。首先分析了继续教育在经济发展中的必要性,指出了继续教育在校企合作中遇到的问题,进而针对上述问题提出了完善校企合作的建议,并结合北华航天工业学院的继续教学院的人才培养实践,提出了有针对性的有效校企合作机制。     

对解决当前大学生欠费问题的探讨

高校学生不同程度的欠费问题,已成为高校中的一个顽症。本文从学生欠费的原因分析入手,通过诚信教育并结合自己的工作体会,提出了解决高校学生欠费问题的几个方面措施。     

Differential code bias estimation based on uncombined PPP with LEO onboard GPS observations

Differential Code Bias (DCB) is an essential correction that must be provided to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users for precise position determination. With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, DCB estimation using observations from GNSS receivers onboard the LEO satellites is drawing increasing interests in order to meet the growing demands on high-quality DCB products from LEO-based applications, such as LEO-based GNSS signal augmentation and space weather research. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the geometry-free combination of GNSS observations, and it may suffer from significant leveling errors due to non-zero mean of multipath errors and short-term variations of receiver code and phase biases. In this study, we utilize the uncombined Precise Point Positioning (PPP) model for LEO DCB estimation. The models for uncombined PPP-based LEO DCB estimation are presented and GPS observations acquired from receivers onboard three identical Swarm satellites from February 1 to 28, 2019 are used for the validation. The results show that the average Root Mean Square errors (RMS) of the GPS satellite DCBs estimated with onboard data from each of the three Swarm satellites using the uncombined PPP model are less than 0.18 ns when compared to the GPS satellite DCBs obtained from IGS final daily Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) products. Meanwhile, the corresponding average RMS of GPS satellite DCBs estimated with the conventional geometry-free model are 0.290, 0.210, 0.281 ns, respectively, which are significantly larger than those obtained with the uncombined PPP model. It is also noted that the estimated GPS satellite DCBs by Swarm A and C satellites are highly correlated, likely attributed to their similar orbit type and space environment. On the other hand, the Swarm receiver DCBs estimated with uncombined PPP model, with Standard Deviation (STD) of 0.065, 0.037 and 0.071 ns, are more stable than those obtained from the official Swarm Level 2 products with corresponding STD values of 0.115, 0.101, and 0.109 ns, respectively. The above indicates that high-quality DCB products can be estimated based on uncombined PPP with LEO onboard observations.     

Height-latitude structure of stationary planetary waves in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere

Daily UK Met Office stratospheric assimilated data for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, accumulated for the period from 2004 to 2012 and pressure range of 1000–0.1 hPa, are used in this paper. The paper presents and thoroughly discusses spatial–temporal distributions of stationary planetary wave (SPW) amplitudes and phases, calculated on the basis of geopotential height, temperature, zonal and meridional wind data for zonal wave numbers 1 and 2 (SPW1 and SPW2). The climatological planetary wave amplitudes and phases are calculated by extracting waves from three types of data: daily, monthly mean and climatological monthly mean. It has been established that magnitude of amplitudes and height-latitude distribution of amplitudes of SPW1 and SPW2 depend on data processing method for all parameters. It has also been established that height-latitude distribution amplitudes and phases significantly differ for geopotential height, temperature, zonal and meridional wind and depend on wave number and hemisphere. However, height-latitude distributions of phases are little different from each other for the used methods of data processing.