Dynamic particle accumulation structure (PAS) in half-zone liquid bridge – Reconstruction of particle motion by 3-D PTV

Three-dimensional (3-D) velocity field reconstruction of oscillatory thermocapillary convections in a half-zone liquid bridge with a radius of O (1 mm) was carried out by applying 3-D particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Simultaneous observation of the particles suspended in the bridge by two CCD cameras was carried out by placing a small cubic beam splitter above a transparent top rod. The reconstruction of the 3-D trajectories and the velocity fields of the particles in the several types of oscillatory-flow regimes were conducted successfully for sufficiently long period without losing particle tracking. With this application the present authors conducted a series of experiments focusing upon the collapse and re-formation process of the PAS by mechanically disturbing fully developed PAS.     

夹杂物在FGH95中的损伤力学行为研究

通过损伤力学的研究方法模拟平面拉伸应力作用下夹杂物及周围基体中的应力场分布情况,并通过原位拉伸试验对模拟结果进行验证。结果表明,在夹杂为圆形的情况下,当基体处于弹性状态时,极点处将有一定的拉应力集中,裂纹将从该处萌生;当基体处于弹塑性状态时,应力集中位置将转移到赤道面处,裂纹在该处向基体中扩展。在夹杂为方形的情况下,裂纹在极点处萌生,并在尖角应力集中处向基体中扩展。模拟结果与试验结果的对比说明,在模拟过程中将基体分为弹性和弹塑性两个阶段是可行的。     

TW-1拖靶缆绳张力与形状参数的计算

本文通过拖靶平衡受力分析,得到拖靶放出后,稳定飞行时平衡攻角的近似计算公式。并通过缆绳微元受力分析,求得缆绳张力与飞行速度、高度及缆绳长度关系的计算公式及给出缆绳形状参数的计算公式。运用本文提供的公式计算出的MK3靶的缆绳张力曲线与实际测量之张力曲线吻合较好。因此,运用本文提供的公式进行了TW-1拖靶缆绳的设计及计算,取得了可信的依据,完全满足工作设计要求。     

Augmented flight dynamics model for pilot workload evaluation in tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure

An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.     

Z11直升机自转着陆试飞

通过对Z11直升机自转特性及自转着陆的试飞，研究了在自转着陆的进场着陆阶段，如何使旋翼能够提供最大的拉力，减小下降率，使直升机以低于起落架设计允许的最大下降率进行自转着陆，从而保证直 同和驾驶员的安全。最后分析探讨了Z11直升机空中停车后处置的驾驶技术及操纵要领。可供有关研究人员和直升机飞行员参考。     

YF—75氢氧发动机故障仿真与诊断研究

在YF－75发动机现有的平衡点计算程序基础上，通过进一步的改进，形成一套非线性稳态故障仿真方法，用来研究YF－75发动机主要部件发生故障时参数的稳态变化规律，并对发动机某次试车中故障关机时的多数进行了分析。结果表明，该方法能够较好地模拟发动机一些主要故障发生时的参数稳态变化，对发动机所发生故障的确定能起到指导和辅助作用。最后，还针对正在进行的YF－75发动机故障诊断研究工作提出了一些设想。     

基于特征模型的失效航天器消旋控制

失效航天器一般有复杂的运动和较大的角速度,采用机械臂直接抓捕目标容易导致非预期碰撞,如果先采用接触式消旋操作降低目标角速度,会大大降低服务卫星抓捕目标的难度。针对空间翻滚非合作目标的接触式消旋控制存在接触动力学模型不确定性的问题,提出了一种基于特征模型的自适应控制方法。首先通过接触式消旋的物理机理分析,建立消旋系统动力学模型;进一步在动力学特性分析基础上构建描述接触碰撞后目标角速度的特征模型,并确定模型参数范围;然后基于该模型设计黄金分割自适应控制律。仿真结果表明,该方法有效克服了消旋过程中接触碰撞模型存在的不确定性,并且消旋速度快且消旋后的残余角速度小。     

某航空发动机作动筒孔边裂纹失效分析

某型航空发动机喷口收放作动筒是裂纹故障多发部位。对作动筒典型失效件进行了断口分析。发现裂纹故障是由于孔边部位表面容易发生应力腐蚀开裂。进一步对显微组织和断面能谱进行分析,发现作动筒材质合乎要求,腐蚀主要是由于使用环境因素造成的。研究结果对于该作动筒的故障分析及预防具有重要的意义。     

基于飞机液压系统安全性设计的若干先进技术

针对传统飞机液压系统研制中危害性较高的失效模式,结合工程实际,详细阐述了飞机液压系统的安全性设计要求、设计要素和设计方法,从液压能源冗余配置、故障诊断与综合管理、电传控制、先进液压附件设计技术等方面举例说明了提高飞机安全性的若干液压系统先进技术,折射出国内相关技术进展和发展趋势。     

具裂纹的桁架结构系统静强度可靠性分析

根据具裂纹结构的剩余截面模量和刺余极限应力,分别在屈服与断裂失效条件下建立了元件的安全余量,并以两者串联的失效概率为该元件的失效概率,分析了结构系统的失效过程.算例表明:不同裂纹长度元件的失效形式可不同,结构系统主要失效路径中元件屈服与断裂失效同时存在.认为有裂纹结构的可靠性分析需同时考虑元件的屈服与断裂失效.