基于预测控制的无人机编队内部避碰

针对无人机编队内部避碰问题,首先采用基于预测控制的方法,解决了在即将发生碰撞情况下无人机的航向调整问题;然后,建立了航路回归模型,解决了无人机避碰后,迅速回归预定航路的问题。仿真结果表明,文章给出的避碰方法能够有效解决无人机编队内部碰撞问题。     

一种无卫星辅助的制导弹药滚转角误差修正算法

针对海军舰载制导弹药MEMS惯导系统在卫星失锁后滚转角误差较大的问题，提出了一种不依赖卫星的制导弹药误差修正算法。根据弹体高速旋转时的定轴性使得短期内弹体侧向位移为零的特点，建立了弹体发射坐标系导航误差方程。利用自适应扩展Kalman滤波估计与修正卫星失效条件下的滚转角误差。为了检测并抑制量测突变引起的随机误差，使用自适应因子来调整滤波器参数。车载模拟试验和弹道仿真结果表明，10s对准时间内，滚转角误差能够收敛到0.5°以内，满足制导弹药控制精度的要求, 降低了制导弹药飞行过程中对卫星导航的依赖，提高了系统的自主性。     

Autonomous Navigation for the Deep Impact Mission Encounter with Comet Tempel 1

The engineering goal of the Deep Impact mission is to impact comet Tempel 1 on July 4, 2005, with a 370 kg active Impactor spacecraft (s/c). The impact velocity will be just over 10 km/s and is expected to excavate a crater approximately 20 m deep and 100 m wide. The Impactor s/c will be delivered to the vicinity of Tempel 1 by the Flyby s/c, which is also the key observing platform for the event. Following Impactor release, the Flyby will change course to pass the nucleus at an altitude of 500 km and at the same time slow down in order to allow approximately 800 s of observation of the impact event, ejecta plume expansion, and crater formation. Deep Impact will use the autonomous optical navigation (AutoNav) software system to guide the Impactor s/c to intercept the nucleus of Tempel 1 at a location that is illuminated and viewable from the Flyby. The Flyby s/c uses identical software to determine its comet-relative trajectory and provide the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) with the relative position information necessary to point the High Resolution Imager (HRI) and Medium Resolution Imager (MRI) instruments at the impact site during the encounter. This paper describes the Impactor s/c autonomous targeting design and the Flyby s/c autonomous tracking design, including image processing and navigation (trajectory estimation and maneuver computation). We also discuss the analysis that led to the current design, the expected system performance as compared to the key mission requirements and the sensitivity to various s/c subsystems and Tempel 1 environmental factors.     

Reducing mission operations costs through spacecraft autonomy: the near earth asteroid rendezvous (near) experience

With a maximum time of 12 days out of ground contact and a round-trip light time as high as 56 minutes, The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft requires a moderate degree of onboard autonomy to react to faults and safe the spacecraft. Beyond the basic safing requirements, additional functions are carried out onboard. For example, on-board calculation of the Sun, Earth, asteroid, and spacecraft positions allow the spacecraft to autonomously orient itself for science and downlink operations. On-board autonomous momentum management during cruise relieves Mission Operations from planning, scheduling, and carrying out many manual momentum dumps. During development, additional operations, such as center-of-mass management during propulsive maneuvers and optical navigation were also considered for onboard autonomy on the NEAR spacecraft, but were not selected. The allocation of functions to onboard software or to ground operations involved tradeoffs such as development time for onboard software versus ground software, resource management, life cycle costs, and spacecraft safety.After two years of cruise operations, considerable experience with the NEAR autonomy system has accrued. The utility of some autonomous capabilities is greater than expected, others less so. Software uploads increased spacecraft autonomy in some cases, and the impact on Mission Operations can be assessed. Allocation of functions between spacecraft autonomy and ground operation during development of future missions can be improved by applying the lessons learned from the NEAR experience.     

多媒体教学与高职生自主学习能力培养模式

根据新生自主学习能力问卷调查结果,以建构主义为理论依据,探索在多媒体技术手段下培养和切实提高高职学生英语自主学习能力的模式。     

多媒体环境下任务型教学的有效性

本文描述了任务型教学法在大学英语多媒体课堂教学的应用。任务型教学在转变学习者的学习理念、增强内在学习动机和提升学习自主性方面优于传统教学法。研究表明它是实施以学生为主体的教育理念的重要途径，也是目前实施素质教育的基石。     

论大学英语合作学习中的文化渗透

合作学习是一种创新的教学理念,实践证明它能够很好地促进学习者的英语学习。语言和文化密不能分,英语学习不能忽视文化内涵。探讨了大学英语合作学习中的文化渗透,指出大学英语合作学习中的文化渗透可以使学习者更好地掌握和运用英语,提高学习者整体的跨文化意识;另外,合作学习中的文化渗透可以有效提高学习者的元认知策略意识,因而能够更好地促进学习者的英语自主学习。     

重复使用运载器无动力投放自适应制导技术

为了研究重复使用运载器小升阻比无动力飞行时的制导技术,以投放着陆为背景,提出了一种基于轨迹在线生成的自适应制导技术.这种制导技术主要解决在线轨迹生成技术、自适应制导策略和制导规律问题.首先设计了自适应制导系统的体系结构,将在线轨迹生成技术、自适应制导策略和制导规律集成在一个框架中.在线轨迹生成技术充分考虑了重复使用运载器的飞行能力,根据当前的飞行状态和末端期望的飞行状态,在线规划轨迹剖面,产生一个物理上可飞的、稳定的轨迹剖面,并给出了设计方法.将轨迹生成与制导策略相结合,形成了具有一定自适应能力的制导回路.最后以某验证机为例,对在线轨迹生成、制导策略和制导规律进行了集成仿真.仿真结果表明,基于轨迹在线生成的自适应制导系统具有一定的自主性、鲁棒性和工程实用性.     

一种基于天体观测的月球车位置姿态确定方法

针对月球车提出了一种基于天文观测的自主位置姿态确定方法.建立了利用天体敏感器测量得到的天体高度和方位作为观测信息的量测方程,并利用月球车运动的三阶常加速(CA,Constant Aceeleration)模型和姿态的欧拉角运动模型作为系统方程,给出了基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波获得月球车实时位置、速度和姿态信息的导航方法.计算机仿真表明该方法可达到较高的位置姿态确定精度.      

GPS星间链路技术及自主导航算法分析

介绍和分析了美国GPS系统星间链路设备配置和链路协议,并阐述了星间链路工作模式,同时,描述了GPS卫星采用的基本自主导航算法,给出了线性化卡尔曼滤波器状态向量和导出的距离测量公式,可为进一步开展仿真验证工作提供参考。