分层次交通运输专业硕士研究生培养探索

随着交通运输专业硕士研究生培养层次的增加,普通硕士、全日制工程硕士和普通工程硕士三种不同类型的硕士研究生培养层次带来了新的研究生培养问题.在分析不同研究生培养目标和培养对象特点的基础上,本文提出了针对普通型硕士研究生的科研强化培养模式,针对全日制工程硕士的实践强化培养模式和针对普通工程硕士的科研认知培养模式.实践证明,分层次有针对性的研究生培养模式受到了学生的欢迎,培养效果正在逐渐显现.     

高超声速飞行器研制系统工程风险概率分析

针对高超声速飞行器研制工程的高风险特点,对工程决策方和研制方面临的不同类型风险进行了建模分析。基于系统方案或关键技术的固有风险概率和抽象化的研发与验证过程,分别计算分析了工程决策方误判验收通过不合格产品和研制方过度研发或重复验证较低失败概率产品的风险概率,进而提出了高风险研发项目中研制方过度研发风险的概念,明确了工程决策误判风险与研制方过度研发风险的相互影响规律,并基于概率方法建立了一种可以综合权衡决策方风险和研制方风险、合理确定研制周期的系统工程优化方法。     

极小化相位误差加权间断有限元辛方法

对于线性Hamilton系统,辛差分方法可以保持系统的辛结构,有限元方法可以保证系统的辛性质并具有能量守恒特性。但辛差分方法和有限元方法时域上仍然存在相位误差,使得计算的精度不是很理想。提出极小化相位误差加权间断有限元辛方法（WDG-PF）,该方法是辛方法,同时,对Hamilton系统的求解具有极小的相位误差。数值显示该方法可以保证Hamilton系统的能量守恒性。WDG-PF方法解决了时间有限元方法（TFE）存在的相位漂移现象,同时指出间断有限元方法可以通过加权处理达到保辛要求。WDG-PF方法相较于针对相位误差设计的计算格式分数步对称辛算法（FSJS）、辛Runge-Kutta-Nystrom（RKN）格式以及辛分块Runge-Kutta（SPRK）等方法,WDG-PF显著地减少相位误差,和显著提高Hamilton系统能量精度的优点。相位误差和能量误差几乎达到计算机精度。同时单元内部具有超收敛现象。特别针对高低混频Hamilton系统,传统方法很难在固定的步长下同时实现对高频和低频信号的精确仿真,WDG-PF方法则可以在大步长下同时实现对低频信号和高频信号的高精度仿真。数值显示,WDG-PF方法切实有效。      

航天工程系统技术成熟度评估方法研究

航天工程的技术支持系统十分复杂,单一技术成熟度评估方法不能有效解决系统整体的成熟度评估问题。文章以系统论、集成方法为指导,基于技术系统结构分解,从基本的单机构成要素为起点进行技术成熟度评价,考虑了不同系统层次的技术接口问题,进而按照逐层集成的方法完成一项航天工程整体技术系统成熟度的评估工作。这种评估方法具有系统性、综合性特点,能够满足航天工程整体技术系统成熟度评估的实际应用需求。     

Trajectory optimization of aerial slung load release for piloted helicopters

This study aims to provide the pilot with optimal control time histories for stabilization of a helicopter after releasing the slung load in aerial delivery missions. A model with 21 degrees of freedom (21-DOF) has been developed and validated for a helicopter slung load system. The control history is generated with detailed procedure based on trajectory optimization. Effects of the objective function formulation on the results are discussed and rules are obtained to assist in the objective function determination. We conclude that the pilot should first decrease and then increase the collective control and adjust the longitudinal control to stabilize the helicopter after the in-hover slung load release. The obtained control history is reasonable and helpful for safety and efficiency improvement. Effects of path constraints and the Flight Control System (FCS) are studied. More stringent path constraints will lead to longer time spent and more controls. Stronger stiffness and weaker damping from the FCS will cause milder control histories but sharper on-axis state histories.     

Morphing wing flaps for large civil aircraft: Evolution of a smart technology across the Clean Sky program

Morphing wing structures are widely considered among the most promising technologies for the improvement of aerodynamic performances in large civil aircraft. The controlled adaptation of the wing shape to external operative conditions naturally enables the maximization of aircraft aerodynamic efficiency, with positive fallouts on the amount of fuel burned and pollutant emissions. The benefits brought by morphing wings at aircraft level are accompanied by the criticalities of the enabling technologies, mainly involving weight penalties, overconsumption of electrical power, and safety issues. The attempt to solve such criticalities passes through the development of novel design approaches, ensuring the consolidation of reliable structural solutions that are adequately mature for certification and in-flight operations. In this work, the development phases of a multimodal camber morphing wing flap, tailored for large civil aircraft applications, are outlined with specific reference to the activities addressed by the author in the framework of the Clean Sky program.The flap is morphed according to target shapes depending on aircraft flight conditions and defined to enhance high-lift performances during takeoff and landing, as well as wing aerodynamic efficiency during cruise. An innovative system based on finger-like robotic ribs driven by electromechanical actuators is proposed as morphing-enabling technology; the maturation process of the device is then traced from the proof of concept to the consolidation of a true-scale demonstrator for pre-flight ground validation tests. A step-by-step approach involving the design and testing of intermediate demonstrators is then carried out to show the compliance of the adaptive system with industrial standards and safety requirements. The technical issues encountered during the development of each intermediate demonstrator are critically analyzed, and justifications are provided for all the adopted engineering solutions. Finally, the layout of the true-scale demonstrator is presented, with emphasis on the architectural strengths, enabling the forthcoming validation in real operative conditions.     

基于未知输入观测器的非线性动态系统故障估计

针对一类受扰非线性动态系统的执行器故障估计问题,提出一种未知输入观测器来实现故障估计。首先,通过坐标变换将原系统转化为合适的形式;其次,采用线性矩阵不等式与Lyapunov泛函分别设计H_∞输出反馈控制器和未知输入观测器,在此基础上实现对系统中执行器故障的渐近估计;最后,通过机械臂系统仿真分析并验证了所提方法的有效性。与已有方法相比,所提方法不要求故障可导,也不要求故障或干扰上界已知,因此易于在工程实际中实现对非线性系统执行器故障的估计。     

一类非理想切换系统的H∞控制器设计

针对实际物理过程中普遍存在的动力学切换现象,提出一类具有平滑切换过程的非理想切换系统模型,并研究其鲁棒H_∞切换控制器设计方法.基于平均驻留时间方法与积分不等式理论,得到保证非理想切换系统渐近稳定且满足给定L₂增益的充分条件.在此基础上,以线性矩阵不等式形式给出H_∞切换控制器的设计准则.所提非理想切换系统较之理想切换系统更具一般性,故所得控制方法同样适用于理想切换系统.变体飞行器跟踪控制的应用实例表明,基于设计方法得到的控制器在保证系统稳定性与跟踪性能的同时,对系统参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Earth observation with MEO transmitters and UAS receivers: A potential utilization of Galileo constellation

Remote sensing application of Galileo upcoming constellation in the field of civil security is preliminarily analyzed, defining low resolution (25 m) and high resolution (7.5 m) working modes for a bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar system utilizing Galileo satellites as transmitters and Unmanned Aerial Systems as receivers. Simulations offshore Somali coast and in a South Mediterranean Sea region showed that both low and high resolution acquisitions are feasible. For the low resolution mode a probability of successful image formation no matter the azimuth position of the receiving UAS has been estimated at nearly 100%. Whereas, for the high resolution mode it decreases to about 90%, which, if deemed unsatisfactory for the application, leads to the need for UAS to adapt its route to the actual Galileo satellite coverage.     

基于企业需求的机械工程类专业英语教学改革研究

基于对企业需求和专业外语教学现状的调查,提出了针对学校机械工程类专业外语教学计划、教学目标、教材编写、教学方法的等方面改革的实施方案,并进行了教学实践。