ITRS/GCRS transformation: Uncertainty propagation analysis and short-term modelling of IAU 2006/2000A developments

A study of the uncertainty propagation in ITRS/GCRS transformation is presented in this work. General law of propagation of variances is applied to the ITRS/GCRS transformation matrix, deriving the analytical expressions to compute GCRS position uncertainty. This evaluation is based on EOP uncertainties provided by IERS long-term series and formal uncertainties of ITRS-compatible coordinates. Numerical results for the period 1998–2016 are shown and discussed for ITRS positions in different altitudes and latitudes, providing graphical and numerical insights of the mapping of EOP uncertainties to transformed coordinates.Eventually, an analysis of short-term evolution of the Celestial Intermediate Pole coordinates in the GCRS provided by the IAU2006/2000A precession-nutation model is carried out, in order to assess the feasibility to potentially broadcast these parameters in GNSS navigation message. This approach would facilitate the dissemination of terrestrial-celestial transformation parameters for real time users, given that polar motion and UT1-UTC are already foreseen in GPS interface specification. The results presented in this work confirm the feasibility of this idea.     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

基于协议变换的图像采集系统设计

介绍了一个基于高速协议变换的实时图像采集系统,该系统实现了从IEEE1394协议到千兆以太网协议的实时变换,将基于IEEE 1394协议的数字相机发出的图像数据转发到以太网上.系统设计使用了SOPC(System On a Programmable Chip)技术,通过Avalon总线将Nios Ⅱ处理器,千兆网MAC核和自定义的1394芯片接口逻辑等IP组件连接在一起形成主要的硬件电路,结合系统软件设计实现了对高速图像数据的实时转发.系统达到了较好的性能,同时具有集成度高,结构简单和扩展性好的特点,展示了利用SOPC技术解决此类问题的优势.     

目标跟踪多智能体一致控制

研究了二阶多智能体系统跟踪一致问题。针对相对速度信息未知的网络,分析了有时滞和无时滞情况下网络的稳定性,给出了系统能够实现跟踪一致的条件。最后,通过仿真表明所提协议比现有协议性能更好。     

飞机单一产品数据源集成模型研究

根据对飞机产品构型及复杂历史状态的研究,给出了飞机产品单一产品数据源基本特点。设计了基于主/子模型集成的集成方法,并根据集合论关系原理,分析了单一产品数据源数据组织的约束关系。采用实体建模方法设计了数据库系统,并给出了满足状态管理要求的更改规则。根据集成模型开发了单一产品数据源原型系统,集成了工程数据及装配工艺数据,实现了由构型变化驱动的数据有效性传递,并支持了装配生产现场的无纸化操作和检验。     

连续短线段空间圆弧转接与插补

针对连续短线段高速加工控制需求,研究了利用空间圆弧转接实现高速插补的方法。建立了圆弧转接数学模型,研究了转接的几何约束和运动约束、转接参数计算、空间圆弧插补等相关理论与算法,并详细分析了算法的使用范围、效率制约因素和计算量等工程实现相关问题。仿真和加工实验表明:该转接算法能显著提高加工效率,减小振动,改善工件表面质量。作为空间圆弧转接算法基础的空间圆弧插补算法对空间任意平面内圆弧插补具有实用价值。本文所有算法已经在自主研发的数控平台上进行了验证,应用效果良好。     

Ⅱ型PIO反馈与前馈抑制系统对比

 当舵机速率限制饱和时会产生附加时延,恶化飞行品质,触发Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡（PIO）。运用描述函数法研究速率限制反馈（RLF）和死区增稳（DASA）Ⅱ型PIO抑制系统的开环相位补偿能力,提出RLF抑制系统的参数优化选择方法,分析了DASA抑制系统中死区和滤波器参数对相位补偿能力的影响。研究了两型抑制系统对正弦与偏差输入信号的开环响应特点。建立了含速率限制器的人机系统数学模型,基于描述函数法探究了Ⅱ型PIO的产生机理,推导了抑制Ⅱ型PIO发生的公式,应用连续信号相位补偿法抑制Ⅱ型PIO的发生。对阶跃、离散和正弦3种易于诱发PIO现象的跟踪任务进行数值仿真,对比了两种抑制系统的Ⅱ型PIO抑制能力。结果表明,反馈型RLF抑制系统对Ⅱ型PIO的抑制能力强于前馈型DASA抑制系统,有效降低了Ⅱ型PIO发生的可能性。     

科氏质量流量计全数字闭环系统的设计与实现

科氏质量流量计(CMF,Coriolis Mass Flowmeter)全数字闭环系统,采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA,Field Programmable Gate Array)和现代数字信号处理方法对CMF传感器进行稳定精确的闭环控制,实时性和精度较高.以高速并行器件FPGA为运算和控制核心,在相位控制中引入FIFO(First In First Out)组件,通过控制FIFO的读、写请求信号来改变时间差,实现对拾振和激励信号的相位差准确、稳定的控制;采用不连续和连续幅值控制相结合的非线性幅值控制方法,快速、准确地设定幅值,适应性强,实现对拾振信号幅值的良好控制,并控制拾振信号以稳定的幅值输出,提高CMF的测量精度和稳定性.实流标定对比实验结果表明:CMF数字闭环在零点稳定性、动态响应特性和重复性方面都优于模拟闭环,并在一定程度上提高了CMF的测量精度.      

复杂环境下考虑动力学约束的翼伞轨迹规划

翼伞系统具有大惯性、强非线性等特征,而基于传统质点模型所规划的目标轨迹难以满足复杂环境下的系统动力学约束,因此在轨迹规划中采用高自由度动力学模型也就成为了计算翼伞真实运动轨迹的必然趋势。然而,翼伞的动力学模型更加复杂,目前迫切需要解决的问题就是保证规划轨迹平滑、稳定。针对该问题,本文将建立精确的翼伞六自由度动力学模型,将其引入翼伞归航的轨迹规划中,并通过改进高斯伪谱法,设计一种基于分段点规划、离散点初次规划、离散点自重构的三阶轨迹优化策略。仿真结果表明,所提算法可解决传统算法在应用动力学模型后难以得到稳定轨迹的问题,并实现复杂环境下的精确地形规避,确保规划轨迹满足翼伞的非线性动力学约束。     

EWIS介绍以及维护管理要求

电气导线互联系统(EWIS)是航空器适航管理中的一项重要内容,而且与老龄飞机的工程管理和维护工作的要求密切相关。本文从EWIS的定义和内容,以及在适航管理、维护指南和培训方面的要求进行阐述,对工程管理人员和飞机维护人员均有一定的指导作用。