飞行器复杂外结构的环境热流计算方法

提出了一种通用的、适合飞行器复杂外结构环境热流的计算方法。采用由环境映射面组成的封闭结构对空间飞行器进行包覆,根据飞行器的轨道特征及瞬时位置,确定映射面上环境热流的大小及方向。在映射封闭结构与飞行器表面组成的辐射换热系统中,通过蒙特卡罗法结合设备表面的镜、漫反射特性,计算环境映射面到各设备表面的辐射传递因子,进而获得在轨飞行器不同位置的瞬时环境热流。计算中考虑了结构表面间的遮挡及多次反射问题,解决了空间飞行器因设备众多、尺寸差异大、表面辐射特性不同等给热流计算带来的困难,并为后期的热分析计算提供精确数据。
     

机翼结构有限元的快速建模及自动化调整

为提高总体设计的质量和效率,研究了在OpenCADS(Open Conceptual Aircraft Design System)这一按照面向对象方式进行数据组织的计算机辅助飞机总体设计系统中进行飞机机翼结构有限元快速建模及自动化调整的措施.提出了采用梁单元和壳单元进行概念设计中机翼结构有限元的等效处理方法,定义了以翼肋为标定的结构有限元节点及各单元的编号规则,设计了相关的数据类组织与应用逻辑,以此为基础实现了机翼结构有限元模型的自动化调整,为概念设计阶段进行多学科设计优化奠定了基础.通过设计实例及其应用验证了方法的有效性和可靠性.      

小型辐射定标光学系统的光机热集成分析

卫星遥感器辐射定标光机系统在模拟空间环境下的热学光学特性会影响辐射定标试验的精度。文章针对离轴抛物镜和辅助平面反射镜组成的小型定标光学系统,利用光机热集成分析技术建立其有限元模型,在模拟空间环境下进行热变形分析;选用在单位圆内正交的Zernike多项式作为基底函数,采用最小二乘法完成了离轴抛物镜面形的拟合;将相关数据读入光学软件,分析了该系统在模拟空间环境下的像质变化。结果表明:温度梯度对定标光机系统的影响主要表现在光学平台的刚性位移,对抛物镜面形影响非常小,光学系统像质变化量约为λ/37。最后,通过与刀口仪法的像质原位测量结果对比,证明了光机热集成分析结果的准确性。     

欧洲“火星快车”探测器自行底盘概念设计的启示

通过对月球车和火星车的跟踪调研,重点介绍了俄罗斯所承担的欧洲空间局“火星快车”项目中火星车自行底盘概念的设计思想和具体实施情况。结合火星表面的复杂环境,研制方探讨了几种底盘结构设计方案,通过对比分析确立了6×6×4+4ш方案为优化方案;根据该优化方案研制的比例模型样机通过行走试验验证,结果表明自行底盘概念设计思想正确,有助于提高行星车在复杂地形中的运动能力、稳定性和可靠性。最后针对我国深空探测项目实施的需求,提出了拟开展工作建议。     

翼型测力天平的研制

为研究翼型结冰状态下的载荷变化规律,对翼型进行测力实验.研制一台三分量翼型测力天平.天平设计的突出难点为设计载荷极不匹配,阻力测量载荷很小.设计时,针对翼型载荷的特点,采用片梁组合方式测量阻力,四柱梁测量法向力及俯仰力矩,并采用有限元方法对结构进行了验证计算.主要介绍天平的设计、校准及应用情况.     

Large-scale Vacuum Vessel Design and Finite Element Analysis

The vacuum plume effects experimental system (PES) is the first experimental system designed to study the effects of vacuum plume in China. The main equipment, a vacuum chamber of 5.5 m in diameter and 12.8 m in length, and structure design of hinged door are described. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted to analyze the static strength and stability of the PES vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that the static strength and stability are qualified. For the 5.5 m diameter vacuum chamber door, three design schemes are put forward. After comparisons are made, the single-axis-double-pin hinged door is selected. The FEM is applied to checking its static strength as well as distortions. The results show that the door’s distortion and displacement change mainly due to the gravity of the door which leads to its sinking. The calculated displacement is less than 7.8 mm, while the actual measurement is 5 mm. The single-axis-double-pin hinged door mechanism completely satisfies the design requirements. This innovative structure can be introduced as a reference for the design of large-scale hinged doors.     

空间相机支撑结构选型动力学分析

在航天遥感领域,离轴三反射镜消像散光学系统(TMA)以大视场、无遮拦等特点被广泛运用。由于离轴TMA系统的特点以及空间相机在发射过程中经历的恶劣的力学环境,相机支撑结构的力学特性对于相机成像品质的保证具有至关重要的意义。文章用Solidworks建立了支撑结构的实体模型,并在此基础上建立了有限元模型。通过对4种结构构型方案的力学特性的分析比较,为相机光机结构设计打下了基础,对三反离轴相机支撑结构的工程设计具有一定的指导作用。     

序贯结构的Sage-Husa自适应滤波及其应用

在分析已有的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法的基础上,本文首先推导了两种量测噪声自适应估计方法的等价性。为充分利用组合系统中已知的部分量测噪声参数,提高滤波稳定性和精度,研究了基于序贯结构的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法;当组合系统测量噪声参数均为已知时,为降低算法复杂度,提高Sage-Husa自适应滤波的鲁棒性,加入协方差匹配的方法对序贯结构的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法进行改进;通过在序贯结构下采用相应的信息融合策略,充分利用组合系统的输出信息。将两种算法分别应用于MIMU/GPS/磁强计组合系统中,基于跑车实验的离线数据分析表明,第一种滤波算法的滤波稳定性较标准自适应算法在滤波稳定性上有明显提高;第二种改进的滤波算法既降低了算法复杂度,又提高了抗野值效果,有效保持了组合系统在干扰状态下的导航精度。     

表面结构表示法的新标准解析

目的对新旧标准表面结构标注规则的变化进行详细的分析和对比;方法简要介绍表面结构的表示法的新标准的适用范围;结果新标准影响粗糙度、波纹度和形状轮廓等相关标准;结论为读者正确理解和贯彻使用新标准提供参考。     

Full-scale crash test and FEM simulation of a crashworthy helicopter seat

Crashworthy seat structure with considerable energy absorption capacity is a key component for aircraft to improve its crashworthiness and occupant survivability in emergencies.According to Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulations,seat performance must be certified by dynamic crash test which is quite expensive and time-consuming.For this reason,numerical simulation is a more efficient and economical approach to provide the possibility to assess seat performances and predict occupant responses.A numerical simulation of the crashworthy seat structure was presented and the results were also compared with the full-scale crash test data.In the numerical simulation,a full-scale three-dimensional finite element model of the seat/occupant structure was developed using a nonlinear and explicit dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA3D.Emphasis of the numerical simulation was on predicting the dynamic response of seat/occupant system,including the occupant motion which may lead to injuries,the occupant acceleration-time histories,and the energy absorbing behavior of the energy absorbers.The agreement between the simulation and the physical test suggestes that the developed numerical simulation can be a feasible substitute for the dynamic crash test.