基于极线几何的统计优化特征匹配算法

针对基于特征点的图像匹配中匹配数目不多以及重复结构下匹配较差等问题,提出了一种基于极线几何的统计优化特征匹配算法。利用正确匹配特征点之间满足对极约束的特点,从而可以减小特征点搜索区域,避免由于重复结构引起的误匹配对。首先使用一个小的特征点样本估计图像之间的基本矩阵,并利用它结合对极约束模型来引导特征匹配;然后利用基于特征点主方向和尺度信息的统计优化方法进一步消除误匹配,得到最终匹配结果。实验结果表明,该算法对图像的旋转和缩放变换具有良好的鲁棒性,匹配精度和数目有了很大提升,对于具有重复结构的图像匹配效果也较好。     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

Aircrafts damages caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of aviation. However, the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being investigated. This work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Samples were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the damages evaluated through characterization techniques. Ultrasound and profilometry tests have shown material loss to 0.272 mm depth in the damaged region. In addition, it was detected the material accumulation occurrence in the damage vicinity of the region. Below the damage, it was found a region where metallurgical changes were identified. The tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the material affected by lightning. These results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Method (red line) that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deformation in the material matrix. Optical microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the normal and cross-section surface of the samples damaged. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Test (EBSD) found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 μm in length. They were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the material grain boundaries.     

平流层飞艇动力推进系统的分析与设计

针对平流层飞艇螺旋桨与直流无刷(DC)电动机匹配问题,建立了直流无刷电动机模型和螺旋桨模型;结合匹配设计和直流无刷电动机转速控制,在Simulink中设计了螺旋桨与直流无刷电动机控制系统仿真模型,研究飞艇在0~10m/s巡航速度下动力推进系统控制响应问题;采用图形用户界面(GUI)编写螺旋桨与直流无刷电动机匹配界面,开发了一种螺旋桨与直流无刷电动机匹配软件;得到了飞艇在0~10m/s巡航速度下,螺旋桨工作转速为535~1071r/min,动力推进系统工作效率为0.558~0.593时推进系统匹配设计的工作曲线,为高空螺旋桨与电动机的匹配设计提供了参考依据.      

基于模板匹配整帧屏幕视频帧内无损编码方法

当前主流的视频压缩标准,如H.264、HEVC等,主要是针对摄像机拍摄的视频而设计的.而屏幕内容(SC)的视频是由计算机生成的,无噪声,要求更高的压缩效率,同时与摄像机拍摄的视频相比包含更多的结构相似性.提出了一种利用屏幕视频中相似性的模板匹配帧内编码方法,采用由21个像素点组成的模板,以像素点为最小单位对整帧进行模板匹配,并使用哈希函数实现高效的模板查找,最后对残差图像进行熵编码.实验结果显示,与标准的HEVC扩展方法相比,该方法在无损编码上压缩率可以提高一倍,编码时间减小了近一半.      

基于边缘信息的灰度目标跟踪算法

提出了一种基于边缘信息的跟踪算法,其可以实现对剧烈变化的灰度目标的精确跟踪.首先,利用基于双同心圆窗口算子的非线性边缘检测算法得到高质量的边缘信息;其次,为了解决单一边缘特征空间不能充分表征目标的难题,提出了一种通过组合边缘图像构建特征空间的方法,以便为目标建模提供充分信息;再次,在构建的特征空间中使用核估计方法对目标进行建模;在目标定位阶段,利用Kalman滤波器对目标进行预估后,再由Mean Shift算法在预估位置邻近区域实现目标定位;最后,提出了一种基于形态学的动态模型更新策略,使得算法不仅可以获得精确的目标区域,还可以实现对目标尺寸和形状变化的自适应.实验结果表明,本算法不仅可以有效跟踪剧烈变化的灰度目标,而且跟踪窗口可以实现对目标尺寸和形状的自适应.      

Search for high-proper motion objects with infrared excess

The possibility of interstellar migration has been theorized during the past thirty years in the form of “Dysonships” that, using non-relativistic propulsion systems, are able to colonize the Galaxy in a relatively short time compared to the age of the Galaxy and consequently penetrate inside our solar system too. Observational evidence of this can be potentially obtained using the present state of the art of telescopes and related sensors, by following aimed searches and an expanded SETI protocol. Some transient and unrepeated radio signals recorded during standard SETI observations might be due to the transit of high-proper motion artificial sources of extraterrestrial origin, which are expected to show a very weak optical emission, a strong infrared excess and occasional high-energy bursts in the X and Gamma-ray wavelength ranges. Such artificial sources might show an interest to Earth by sending probes to visit it: such a possibility can be investigated scientifically as well.     

Accelerating NLTE radiative transfer by means of the Forth-and-Back Implicit Lambda Iteration: A two-level atom line formation in 2D Cartesian coordinates

State-of-the-art methods in multidimensional NLTE radiative transfer are based on the use of local approximate lambda operator within either Jacobi or Gauss–Seidel iterative schemes. Here we propose another approach to the solution of 2D NLTE RT problems, Forth-and-Back Implicit Lambda Iteration (FBILI), developed earlier for 1D geometry. In order to present the method and examine its convergence properties we use the well-known instance of the two-level atom line formation with complete frequency redistribution. In the formal solution of the RT equation we employ short characteristics with two-point algorithm. Using an implicit representation of the source function in the computation of the specific intensities, we compute and store the coefficients of the linear relations J=a+bS$J=a+\mathit{bS}$ between the mean intensity J and the corresponding source function S. The use of iteration factors in the ‘local’ coefficients of these implicit relations in two ‘inward’ sweeps of 2D grid, along with the update of the source function in other two ‘outward’ sweeps leads to four times faster solution than the Jacobi’s one. Moreover, the update made in all four consecutive sweeps of the grid leads to an acceleration by a factor of 6–7 compared to the Jacobi iterative scheme.     

Tropospheric wet refractivity tomography using multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) have been successfully used to reconstruct the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere and in recent years be tentatively used in tropospheric wet refractivity and water vapor tomography in the ground-based GNSS technology. The previous research on ART used in tropospheric water vapor tomography focused on the convergence and relaxation parameters for various algebraic reconstruction techniques and rarely discussed the impact of Gaussian constraints and initial field on the iteration results. The existing accuracy evaluation parameters calculated from slant wet delay can only evaluate the resultant precision of the voxels penetrated by slant paths and cannot evaluate that of the voxels not penetrated by any slant path. The paper proposes two new statistical parameters Bias and RMS, calculated from wet refractivity of the total voxels, to improve the deficiencies of existing evaluation parameters and then discusses the effect of the Gaussian constraints and initial field on the convergence and tomography results in multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct the 4D tropospheric wet refractivity field using simulation method.     

基于视觉模型和图像特征的遥感图像压缩

遥感图像具有纹理复杂、边缘丰富的特点,通常难以实现高压缩比.统计了图像经过小波变换后在不同方向、不同级别子频带的能量分布.然后基于人类视觉系统(HVS)模型中的对比敏感度函数(CSF)和遥感图像的能量分布特征,提出一种不同频带小波系数的变步长量化方法,并把该方法应用于嵌入式小波图像编码器.实验结果表明,与不采用心理视觉量化的压缩方法相比,在相同压缩比下,峰值信噪比略为降低,但恢复图像的主观质量有一定程度的改善.     

一种基于图割的稠密三维场景重建算法

立体视觉技术是自主探测机器人在未知环境中获取信息的重要手段,通过对可视场景的稠密三维重建实现导航、定位及路径规划等一系列工作。本文在候选点匹配的基础上结合图割理论,首先在世界坐标系建立代表深度信息的网格节点,接着依据区域匹配算法对候选点进行初步筛选,去除大部分相关值较低的节点,建立简化的网格图,最后通过寻找图中最小割来实现能量函数的全局最小,完成稠密的三维场景重建。实验证明,相关阈值γ设为0.6时,简化网格图的重建精度和计算效率达到相对平衡。图割算法解决了候选点测量时潜在的匹配歧义问题,且对低纹理区域有较好的匹配效果。