基于运动形态学的掠地飞行器视频检测方法

 结合数学形态学、视频图像运动分析以及数学统计分析方法,提出了一种用于空中预警控制系统(AWACS)的小型掠地飞行器运动形态学视频检测方法。该方法首先应用形态学tophat滤波提取出视频图像中的可疑目标(SO),并求取SO的运动参数,利用真实目标和类目标干扰的不同运动特性,应用数学统计的方法对各运动参数进行分析以剔除部分类目标干扰,从而获得潜在目标(PT)的灰度分布和运动参数。在应用形态学tophat滤波器进行可疑目标提取中,一种新的金字塔型结构元的引入有效减少了虚警数量。外场试验表明,该检测方法能够有效抑制航拍掠地飞行器视频图像中的地物干扰,降低虚警目标的数量。     

直升机某部件飞行状态的载荷分布特点研究

结合直升机的飞行载荷特点及使用要求,采用某型直升机动部件飞行测量载荷数据,经过“三峰谷点”雨流计数法统计处理,对飞行中实测到的183个飞行状态分别进行统计处理,假设检验及回归分析,确定了每个飞行状态的载荷分布类型及飞行状态的损伤,最后压缩归并成对直升机某动部件产生较大损伤的18种飞行状态,并提出了飞行状态中载荷的分布类型对直升机动部件的寿命有较大的影响。     

微型仿生扑翼飞行器的尺度效应分析

微型仿生扑翼飞行器是一种新概念的微型飞行器。但它不是对传统飞行器的简单几何缩小,当其特征尺度缩小到一定尺度时,系统内各种因素的相对影响将产生质的变化。针对微型仿生扑翼飞行器的机械扑翼系统,包括微驱动器、仿生翅、运动系统和动力源等,本文进行了尺度效应分析。分析结果表明,当尺寸减小时,仿生飞行更容易实现:通过共振能实现高频运动,微静电、电磁和压电驱动器都能满足扑翼系统功率需求。这为设计和研制微型仿生扑翼飞行器提供了理论依据。     

几何分布参数的区间估计和统计贴近性研究

给出了几何分布产品全样本场合下参数的近似区间估计,通过Monte-Carlo模拟考察了区间估计的精度,并与Bootstrap置信限作了比较,最后研究了几何分布和离散寿命分布类的统计贴近性。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的机动目标跟踪研究

针对雷达导引头跟踪机动目标问题,建立了一种适于高机动目标探测的非线性系统模型,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法推导适用于弹载脉冲多普勒雷达机动目标探测的滤波模型,用以估计俯仰失调角、方位失调角、弹目相对速度和距离等信息,利用系统数学模型对目标加速度及弹目视线角速率进行解算估计。对标称弹道和极限弹道的跟踪仿真表明,所建立的系统模型和滤波设计方案,能够处理真实飞行中存在的部分信息缺失问题,对于极端情况下的遮挡问题也能在一定时间内保证较高的跟踪精度。     

运动基航天飞行模拟器信号缩比策略

对于大幅值的输入信号,三阶多项式缩比法易产生信号畸变且参数配置复杂;而Hermite缩比函数法的触发速度较慢.提出两种改进的缩比方法:基于三阶多项式缩比法的最优参数配置法和加入线性缩比的非线性缩比法.前一种方法通过参数的优化配置最大化稳定区,以防止信号的畸变;后一种方法则利用线性缩比的特性将缩比度限制在稳定区内.仿真结果表明:线性缩比的加入可以防止三阶多项式缩比法信号的畸变;最优配置参数法应用方便且整体效果较好.为航天飞行模拟提供了更有效的缩比策略.     

Comparison of decision tree methods for finding active objects

The automated classification of objects from large catalogs or survey projects is an important task in many astronomical surveys. Faced with various classification algorithms, astronomers should select the method according to their requirements. Here we describe several kinds of decision trees for finding active objects by multi-wavelength data, such as REPTree, Random Tree, Decision Stump, Random Forest, J48, NBTree, AdTree. All decision tree approaches investigated are in the WEKA package. The classification performance of the methods is presented. In the process of classification by decision tree methods, the classification rules are easily obtained, moreover these rules are clear and easy to understand for astronomers. As a result, astronomers are inclined to prefer and apply them, thus know which attributes are important to discriminate celestial objects. The experimental results show that when various decision trees are applied in discriminating active objects (quasars, BL Lac objects and active galaxies) from non-active objects (stars and galaxies), ADTree is the best only in terms of accuracy, Decision Stump is the best only considering speed, J48 is the optimal choice considering both accuracy and speed.     

Self-similar stochastic processes in solar wind turbulence

Solar wind data is used to estimate the autocorrelation function for the stochastic process x(τ) = y(t + τ) − y(t), considered as a function of τ, where y(t) is any one of the quantities B²(t), n_p(t)V²(t), or n_p(t). This process has stationary increments and a variance that increases like a power law τ^2γ where γ is the scaling exponent. For the kinetic energy density and the proton density the scaling exponent is close to the Kolmogorov value γ = 1/3, for the magnetic energy density it is slightly larger. In all three cases, it is shown that the autocorrelation function estimated from the data agrees with the theoretical autocorrelation function for a self-similar stochastic process with stationary increments and finite variance. This is far from proof, but it suggests that these stochastic processes may be self-similar for time scales in the small scale inertial range of the turbulence, that is, from approximately 10 to 10³ s.     

An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However,the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis（SPECAN） technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling（CS） algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations（FFTs） is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

多层模糊逻辑控制器的设计

本文提出一种适合于多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的多层模糊逻辑控制器(MLFLC)，该控制器由若干个多输入单输出(MISO)模糊控制器构成，每个MISO模糊控制器由许多单输入单输出(SISO)模糊控制器组成。该控制器采用互补型隶属函数，具有一组零控制面，只要使量化因子满足一定的条件，控制系统就是渐近稳定的。最后将上述控制器用于二节机械手中进行仿真试验，验证了上述算法的可行性和有效性。