Geometric structures of frames of reference and natural language semantics

This article aims at formal specifications of reference systems in spatial cognition. It concentrates on two roles of reference systems connected to spatial language: reference systems resolving ambiguities and reference systems forming a basis for the classification of linguistic terms. Although coordinate systems are often seen as candidates for the geometric structure of reference systems, it is shown here that they do not appear in the explanations that go into the details. An analysis of the German terms vor, hinter, rechts and links (in front of, in back of, right, left) presents an alternative model for the geometric structure of spatial reference systems.     

局部空间-时间显著性的表达过程蕴涵对空间显著性的表达

建立的基于独立成分分析进行特征提取器的学习,进而模拟人类对视觉信息的局部空间-时间显著性的表达过程的计算模型,蕴涵了对局部空间显著性的有效表达;从而当据其设计为机器人主动视觉的注意机制的视线控制而用的算法,可以同一个处理过程适用于动态场景或静态场景的情形。对获自动态场景的特征提取器的频率特性的分析,揭示了此种内在的包含性的成因;算法的实验结果显示了局部空间-时间显著性表达过程对静态场景的局部空间显著性可有效表达。     

无网格方法关于导数计算的程序验证

为了提高无网格方法对空间导数的数值计算能力,提出并论证了新的适用于直角坐标系、柱坐标系和球坐标系的空间导数无网格算法。基于数值解与理论解的对比分析,对数值误差和收敛性进行了后验评估。评估结果表明:该算法对函数和导数的估计均为2阶精度,支撑域尺度对数值误差的大小有一定影响,但不影响数值计算的精度等级。在离散尺度h为0.01的条件下,对所选函数及其导数的数值计算相对误差不大于0.65%。      

互质阵中空间谱估计研究进展

阵列信号处理技术是信号处理领域一个重要分支,广泛应用于雷达、声呐、水电天文等领域。空间谱估计是阵列信号处理中一个主要研究热点,为了避免角度模糊,要求阵元间距要小于等于载波波长的一半。互质阵突破半波长的限制,其阵元间距一般大于半波长。因此,互质阵能够在阵元数固定的情况下,获得更大的阵列孔径。互质阵空间谱估计算法可以利用互质特性辨识目标源,且能够获得更高的测向精度与分辨率。互质阵空间谱估计研究逐渐成为当今阵列信号处理领域的热点。本文总结了互质线阵与互质面阵下的空间谱估计的研究进展,分析了互质阵列相对于普通均匀阵列在阵列孔径扩展以及提高空间自由方面的优势。仿真结果展现了互质阵下高效的波达方向估计性能。     

介观尺度下纤维导热预测及实验研究

在材料内部气压低于100Pa时,玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维等芯材与泡沫类、粉末类芯材相比,其导热系数最小。为了研究纤维导热性能的影响因素,基于随机参数原理构造纤维的内部结构,结合格子波尔兹曼方法(LatticeBoltzmann method,LBM)分析了纤维直径、纤维长度及孔隙率对于导热系数的影响。然后将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,结论表明两者吻合性良好,证明本文所采用的方法可以有效地预测纤维导热系数。     

Spatial updating and common misinterpretations of spatial reference frames

Spatial memory plays an important role in everyday life, and a large amount of research has been devoted to understanding spatial coding and reference frames across many areas. The popular research paradigms to study spatial reference frames include novel shortcut, perspective change, and landmark control tests. However, the growing research on spatial updating challenges the logical foundation of these classical paradigms, and suggests that the experimental findings using these paradigms have usually been misinterpreted. That is, performance in these tasks is generally unrelated to whether the spatial representations themselves are egocentric or allocentric. This article reviews the traditional paradigms and their logic, summarizes the theories of spatial updating, analyzes the logical flaws in these popular paradigms, and discusses their implications.     

大斜视滑动聚束方位向波束指向控制策略

对星载电扫合成孔径雷达斜视滑动聚束模式,采用传统波束扫描策略中出现的方位向分辨率沿方位向空变大及方位扫描角度过大的问题展开研究。首先,分析采用传统斜视滑动聚束扫描策略情况下,方位向分辨率沿方位向出现空变的原因,探究方位向分辨率与扫描策略、扫描角度的关系。然后,提出基于全局搜索增强鲸鱼优化算法的斜视滑动聚束波束扫描策略,控制不同时刻下的方位向扫描角速度,降低方位向分辨率沿方位向的空变程度,减小天线最大方位向扫描角度,缩短数据录取时间,有效降低系统代价,提升系统性能。最后,通过仿真验证所提策略的有效性,方位向分辨率空变降低至1%以下,数据录取时间与总扫描角度相较于原有方法降低10%以上。     

Transformations and representations supporting spatial perspective taking

Spatial perspective taking is the ability to reason about spatial relations relative to another’s viewpoint. Here, we propose a mechanistic hypothesis that relates mental representations of one’s viewpoint to the transformations used for spatial perspective taking. We test this hypothesis using a novel behavioral paradigm that assays patterns of response time and variation in those patterns across people. The results support the hypothesis that people maintain a schematic representation of the space around their body, update that representation to take another’s perspective, and thereby to reason about the space around their body. This is a powerful computational mechanism that can support imitation, coordination of behavior, and observational learning.     

Relation algebras over containers and surfaces: An ontological study of a room space

Recent research in geographic information systems hasbeen concerned with the construction of algebras tomake inferences about spatial relations by embeddingspatial relations within a space in which decisionsabout compositions are derived geometrically. Wepursue an alternative approach by studying spatialrelations and their inferences in a concrete spatialscenario, a room space that contains such manipulableobjects as a box, a ball, a table, a sheet of paper,and a pen. We derive from the observed spatialproperties an algebra related to the fundamentalspatial concepts of containers and surfaces and showthat this container-surface algebra holds allproperties of Tarski's relation algebra, except forthe associativity. The crispness of the compositionscan be refined by considering the relative size of theobjects) and their roles (i.e., whether it isexplicitly known that the objects are containers orsurfaces).