强磁暴期间磁尾高速流的多卫星联合观测

使用多时空尺度的多卫星数据研究磁尾高速流,已经取得了很多重要成果。文章介绍了一次持续时间大约为3天的强磁暴期间的地磁台站和多卫星联合观测。IMAGE卫星的极光观测表明有14个孤立亚暴发生。运行在靠近磁尾的CLUSTER星簇（C1、C3卫星）和运行在靠近地球的DSP-1卫星均观测到了多次地向和尾向高速整体流。多卫星联合观测给出了不同位置处地向和尾向高速整体流的分布特征。     

多星近距离绕飞观测任务姿轨耦合控制研究

针对多星近距离绕飞观测任务,建立了相对姿态轨道动力学模型,分别考虑了在椭圆、空间圆绕飞轨道上观测卫星的两种期望三角形编队构型,以观测卫星视线始终指向目标为期望姿态,采用基于四元数和角速度误差反馈的比例 微分控制律以及一种改进的基于人工势场法的制导方法相结合,对相对姿态及轨道进行控制。仿真结果表明：在控制律的作用下,绕飞过程中各观测卫星均能够有效地跟踪期望相对姿态和期望相对轨道;在空间圆绕飞轨道构型中,各观测卫星从初始同一位置出发后,在任意时刻3颗观测卫星构成的编队构型始终为正三角形,且正三角形的边长从零逐渐增大,最终等于期望正三角形构型的边长。     

小天地大社会--评简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》

简·奥斯汀独特的生活经历决定了她狭小的文学创作题材,但她敏锐的观察与奇特的敏感却使读者从她的作品中觉察到当时广阔的社会现实.     

基于改进多模型的火星大气进入自适应估计方法

针对火星进入过程中大气密度等不确定参数对导航系统状态估计精度的影响,提出了一种基于改进混合专家框架的多模型自适应估计方法。该方法对进入过程中不同的测量信息进行规范化处理,以克服传统多模型自适应估计方法稳定性差、数值下溢等固有缺陷,进一步提高状态估计精度。将其应用于火星不同进入探测方式下的导航场景进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:该方法在动力学系统模型参数存在不确定扰动时能获得精确的状态估计,可以满足未来定点着陆探测对导航系统的精度需求。     

地球观测网络成像任务可调度性预测方法

为了能够快速、合理地分配成像任务,充分发挥对地观测网络的观测效能,对成像任务可调度性预测问题进行了研究,提出一种由协同任务分配组件、任务调度组件、特征提取组件以及任务可调度性预测组件所构成的组件化求解架构。在成像卫星经典调度模型的基础上,提取成像任务特征,并采用变隐含层节点的反向传播（BP）神经网络集成技术求解成像任务可调度性问题。仿真结果表明,集成BP神经网络的平均预测准确度可以达到85%以上。     

基于多余观测分量的整周模糊度可靠性检验方法

针对常规模糊度检验三步法中存在的错误模糊度整数解漏检的情况,分析了错误整周模糊度、观测值残差及多余观测分量矩阵之间的内在联系,阐述了参考星变化对多余观测分量矩阵主对角线元素的影响,进而提出了一种基于多余观测分量的整周模糊度可靠性检验方法。该方法根据多余观测分量主对角线占优原则实现部分卫星的模糊度可靠性检验。对于多余观测分量主对角线不占优的卫星,利用多余观测分量绝对值最大的情况进行整周模糊度可靠性检验,从而完成所有卫星的模糊度可靠性检验。     

Solar proton events recorded in the stratosphere during cosmic ray balloon observations in 1957–2008

Long-term balloon observations have been performed by the Lebedev Physical Institute since 1957 up to the present time. The observations are taken several times a week at the polar and mid latitudes and allow us to study dynamics of galactic and solar cosmic ray as well as secondary particle fluxes in the atmosphere and in the near-Earth space. Solar energetic particles (120) – mostly protons – (SEP) events with >100 MeV proton intensity above 1 cm⁻² s⁻¹ s⁻¹ were recorded during 1958–2006. Before the advent of the SEP monitoring on spacecraft these results constituted the only homogeneous series of >100 MeV SEP events. The SEP intensities and energy spectra inferred from the Lebedev Physical Institute observations are consistent with the results taken in the adjacent energy intervals by the spacecraft and neutron monitors. Joint consideration of the SEP events series recorded by balloons and by neutron monitors during solar cycles 20–23 makes it possible to restore the probable number of events in solar cycle 19, which was not properly covered by observations. Some correlation was found between duration of SEP event production in a solar cycle and sunspot cycle characteristics.     

Electric field and ion density anomalies in the mid latitude ionosphere: Possible connection with earthquakes?

The problem of earthquake prediction has stimulated the search for a correlation between seismic activity and ionospherical anomalies. We found observational evidence of possible earthquake effects in the near-equatorial and low latitude ionosphere; these ionospheric anomalies have been proposed by Gousheva et al. [Gousheva, M., Glavcheva, R., Danov, D., Angelov P., Hristov, P., Influence of earthquakes on the electric field disturbances in the ionosphere on board of the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite. Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci. 58 (8) 911–916, 2005a; Gousheva, M., Glavcheva, R., Danov, D., Angelov, P., Hristov, P., Kirov, B., Georgieva, K., Observation from the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite of anomalies associated with seismic activity. In: Poster Proceeding of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies: Space in the Service of Society, RAST ‘2005, June 9–11, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 119–123, 2005b; Gousheva, M., Glavcheva, R., Danov, D., Angelov, P., Hristov, P., Kirov, B., Georgieva, K., Satellite monitoring of anomalous effects in the ionosphere probably related to strong earthquakes. Adv. Space Res. 37 (4), 660–665, 2006]. This paper presents new results from observations of the quasi-static electric field and ion density on board INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 satellite in the mid latitude ionosphere above sources of moderate earthquakes. Data from INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 satellite and seismic data (World Data Center, Denver, Colorado, USA) for magnetically quiet and medium quiet days are juxtaposed in time-space domain. For satellite’s orbits in the time period 15.09–01.10.1981 an increase in the horizontal and vertical components of the quasi-static electric field and fluctuations of the ion density are observed over zones of forthcoming seismic events. Some similar post effects are observed too. The emphasis of this paper is put on the anomalies which specify the mid latitude ionosphere. The obtained results contain important information because they confirm our previous results for near-equatorial and low latitude regions.     

对地观测卫星总体参数多学科优化

针对对地观测卫星总体参数设计问题,建立了以对地观测性能最佳为目标的多学科优化模型,考虑姿轨控制、电源、结构、推进、有效载荷5个分系统的设计变量和相应约束条件,并考虑运载火箭对卫星设计的约束条件,通过经验公式建立分析模型.采用协同优化方法,利用外点罚函数法将系统级优化问题转化为无约束优化问题以改善协同优化系统级的数值缺陷,建立了多学科设计优化框架.计算结果表明通过优化可提升卫星的对地观测性能,验证了该方法的合理性.建模思路与优化方法可望用于更贴合工程实际的卫星参数设计.      

神舟七号微小卫星伴随飞行技术试验

神舟七号 (SZ-7) 载人航天任务中释放的一颗微小伴随卫星 (BX-1), 首次开展了卫星在轨释放、对飞船观测和对轨道舱接近及绕飞等技术试验. 该卫星首次进行了GaInP2/GaAs/Ge 中国产太阳电池阵、锂离子蓄电池、微型液氨推进模块、小型化姿态跟踪控制模块、双焦距一体化可见光相机及小型化USB 测控应答机等技术验证. 本文介绍了SZ-7 微小卫星的设计方案, 讨论了形成稳定伴随飞行的轨道设计等技术, 并根据卫星在轨运行情况对试验任务进行了评价.