Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

带悬臂涡轮盘发动机转子的振动特性及平衡技术研究

在旋转试验器上研究了带悬臂涡轮盘火箭发动机氧涡轮泵转子的振动特性,并在此基础上完成了氧涡轮泵转子的高速动平衡试验.结果表明：氧涡轮泵转子的振动与悬臂涡轮盘的不平衡量密切相关,单面高速动平衡技术对减小悬臂柔性转子的振动效果显著.     

N4SID辨识方法在航空发动机中的应用

针对在现代航空发动机的自适应控制和故障监控领域建立系统动态模型的需要 ,本文研究了基于状态空间模型的数字子空间状态空间系统辨识 (N4SID)方法 ,并在某型双转子涡喷发动机非线性气动热力学模型的“小偏离”状态上进行了仿真实验 ,结论表明 :该方法可以较准确地辨识发动机“小偏离”状态时的系统模型     

一种新的含转角自由度的四节点杂交元

基于组合杂交变分原理,使用含转角自由度的位移插值和CH(0-1)元应力模式,得到CHD(0-1)单元.它既满足杂交方法所要求的inf-sup条件,又有较高的位移、应力精度;和普通的八节点二次单元相比计算花费少;对单元几何形状不敏感;能很好地模拟弯曲变形.数值试验结果支持了本文结论.     

超燃冲压发动机研究现状及控制系统关键技术

介绍了超燃冲压发动机的基本概念以及推进系统技术等关键技术,全面综述了近年来美国、俄罗斯、法国和国际合作等在超燃冲压发动机技术领域的新进展以及发展动态,分析了各国相关重点项目的技术发展以及工程进展,重点探讨了超燃冲压发动机控制系统关键技术,在此基础上对超燃冲压发动机的特点进行了总结,并对超燃冲压发动机的发展进行了展望.     

CCSDS空间包在MOIMS领域中的应用

为了适应未来航天任务的发展,构建以服务为导向的、开放的、可重用的航天器任务操作系统,分析了CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)中MOIMS (Mission Operations and Information Management System,任务操作及信息管理系统)领域的任务操作服务框架的原理、层次结构及优点,对任务操作相关的通用服务、功能服务、COM(Common Object Model,通用对象模型)及MAL(Message Abstraction Layer,消息抽象层)对服务的抽象化描述方法进行了研究.MAL向任务操作相关的服务提供了通用的服务模型框架,所有服务均可用MAL消息格式进行规范化的描述,在此基础上建立了MAL消息格式与CCSDS空间包的映射关系,从而以CCSDS空间包为信息栽体实现了航天器与地面系统间的任务操作通信,可以作为以服务为导向的任务操作系统实际工程应用的参考.     

载人月球探测深空站布局体系

针对载人月球探测,在我国现有深空测控资源的基础上,结合其他航天组织,如NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration,美国国家航空航天局)、ESA(European Space Agency,欧空局)等分布在全球的深空测控资源,提出了全球深空站布局体系.该体系包括我国深空站在内的8个地面站,大体形成“南四北四,均匀分布”的格局.并以美国“重返月球”计划深空站布局为参照,对比分析了布局体系的测控覆盖、三向测量和干涉测量共视弧段,讨论了布局干涉测量不同观测站三角的测角精度,可以为后续载人月球探测任务提供支持和参考.     

高速再入飞行试验再入条件优化设计

飞行器返回再入时将经历极高的气动热环境,因此深空探测返回飞行器,尤其是载人飞船需要通过实际飞行试验验证相关性能,为降低成本和研制风险,通常采用大再入角和相对第二宇宙速度较低的再入速度进行飞行试验。为获得能实现高热流密度验证的最小能量再入任务方案,采用优化设计手段对飞行试验的再入角和速度以及倾侧角控制进行设计,经仿真分析表明,优化结果可达到飞行试验要求的热流密度,并可将再入速度需求降低约2．1 km／s。     

基于退化失效与突发失效竞争的导弹剩余寿命预测

为了提高导弹剩余寿命预测结果的准确性,本文综合利用导弹的性能退化数据和突发失效时间数据,提出了基于退化失效和突发失效竞争的剩余寿命预测方法。在引入状态空间模型评估出整弹退化程度的基础上,采用Gamma过程建立退化失效模型;在假定突发失效概率与整弹性能退化程度相关的前提下,采用Weibull分布建立突发失效模型;进而建立退化失效与突发失效竞争模式下的导弹可靠度模型。案例应用证明了所提方法的有效性,对准确预测导弹剩余寿命,有效开展视情维修具有一定的工程价值。     

在轨服务中非合作目标空间圆检测方法研究

为自主完成空间服务任务,需要满足各种功能需求、突破多种关键技术。针对在轨服务中具有圆特征的非合作目标空间圆（星箭对接环、发动机喷管等）,首先分析了非合作目标空间圆检测技术在在轨服务系统中的主要应用;然后提出了一种非合作目标空间圆的检测方法,通过Canny算子检测边缘,并用Freeman链码法对边缘进行提取分类,再利用RED算法进行非合作目标空间圆检测;最后给出仿真结果,在保证检测精度的前提下,较传统的RED算法明显降低了算法的耗时量。